玉米秸秆腐熟还田对设施番茄产量品质及土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Maize Straw Returning on Tomato Yield, Qualities and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

作　　者：赵颖[1] 董环[1] 刘爱群[1] 韩瑛祚[1] 赵丽丽[1] 宫亮[1] ZHAO Ying;DONG Huan;LIU Aiqun;HAN Yingzuo;ZHAO Lili;GONG Liang(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110000)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,辽宁沈阳110000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第3期43-50,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：辽宁省农业科学院基本科研业务费资助项目(2021HQ1904);辽宁省重点研发计划资助项目(2020JH2/10200018);辽宁省应用基础研究计划资助项目(2022JH2/101300162)。

摘　　要：以“奇迹”番茄为试材,采用秸秆腐熟还田的方法,研究不同秸秆还田剂量和方式对番茄产量、品质和土壤理化性质的影响,以期为玉米秸秆在设施栽培中还田改良土壤提供参考依据。结果表明:多数情况下,同水平腐熟还田与未腐熟还田对土壤理化性质和产量指标影响差异不显著;腐熟秸秆还田显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾,提高幅度分别为11.66%~14.67%、15.40%~16.17%、2.30%~10.81%和15.38%~20.10%;秸秆还田降低土壤电导率,二水平腐熟还田与未腐熟还田降幅分别为13.54%和8.58%,腐熟秸秆还田显著提高土壤阳离子交换量,二水平和四水平腐熟还田升幅分别为20.39%和16.73%,未腐熟秸秆还田显著降低土壤硝态氮含量,比同水平腐熟还田降低16.68%;秸秆还田降低土壤容重,提高土壤总孔隙度,提高土壤非毛管孔隙度,降低土壤毛管孔隙度,土壤容重降幅为11.46%~14.65%,土壤总孔隙度升幅为4.05%~13.68%,土壤非毛管孔隙度升幅为28.11%~68.10%,土壤毛管孔隙度降幅为13.47%~25.94%;秸秆还田使土壤团聚体表现为大团聚体增多,小团聚体减少的趋势;秸秆还田显著提高番茄产量和地上干物质量,提升幅度分别为6.07%~10.86%和7.93%~15.87%。Tomato variety of ‘Qiji’ was used as experimental materials, the effect of straw returning on yield and qualities of tomato and soil physical and chemical properties was studied with methods of decomposed straw returning, in order to provide reference for improving the soil of the greenhouse.The results showed that the effect between decomposed straw returning and straw returning on yield and the physical and chemical properties was not significant in the most condition.The soil organic matter, alkeline N,available P and available K were significantly increased by decomposed straw returning and increased by 11.66%-14.67%,15.40%-16.17%,2.30%-10.81% and 15.38%-20.10% respectively.The 12 000 kg·hm-2decomposed straw returning and 12 000 kg·hm-2straw returning decreased the soil EC by 13.54% and 8.58% respectively.The 12 000 kg·hm-2decomposed straw returning and 24 000 kg·hm-2decomposed straw returning significantly increased cation exchange capacity by 20.39% and 16.73% respectively.The 12 000 kg·hm-2straw returning decreased soil nitrate nitrogen content.The nitrate nitrogen content of the 12 000 kg·hm-2straw returning was significantly 16.68% less than of the 12 000 kg·hm-2decomposed straw returning.The straw returning decreased the soil bulk density by 11.46%-14.65%,increased total porosity by 4.05%-13.68%,increased non-capillary porosity by 28.11%-68.10% and decreased capillary porosity by 13.47%-25.94%.The straw returning increased the number of the bigger soil aggregates and decreased the number of the smaller soil aggregates.The straw returning significantly increased the tomato yield by 6.07%-10.86% and the above-ground dry matter accumulation by 7.93%-15.87%.

关 键 词：腐熟秸秆 产量 品质 土壤理化 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]