连作对设施豇豆生长发育与品质的影响  

Effects of Continuous Cropping on Growth, Development and Quality of Protected Cowpea

作　　者：王德信 杨晓莹 樊庆忠[1] 梁宏玲[1] 田福忠[1] WANG Dexin;YANG Xiaoying;FAN Qingzhong;LIANG Hongling;TIAN Fuzhong(College of Agriculture and Bioengineering,Heze University,Heze,Shandong 274015;Editorial Department of Journal of Heze University,Heze University,Heze,Shandong 274015)

机构地区：[1]菏泽学院农业与生物工程学院,山东菏泽274015 [2]菏泽学院学报编辑部,山东菏泽274015

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第3期51-55,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划资助项目(2019GNC106113)。

摘　　要：以连作1~7茬设施豇豆为试验材料,采用完全随机设计方法,研究了连作设施豇豆的生理指标、产量指标及土壤的生理生化指标,以期为克服设施豇豆连作障碍提供参考依据。结果表明:随着设施豇豆连作次数的增多,设施豇豆的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等生理指标影响不大,连作差异不显著。但是重茬3次之后,土壤养分及豇豆的株高、豆荚长度、单荚质量等产量性状指标均受到显著影响,呈现出明显下降的趋势。此外,豇豆在苗期及营养生长阶段需要吸收氮、磷、钾及有机质等大量营养素,开花结荚期是氮和钾的需求高峰期,因此设施豇豆抗重茬栽培苗期和营养生长阶段需要增施有机肥和无机平衡肥,幼苗期还需要适当增施抗逆性功能肥料;豇豆对磷的需求量相对较少,但缺磷将严重影响豇豆产量;因此,抗重茬豇豆生殖生长阶段可以增施含磷叶面肥以克服连作障碍。The cowpea of continuous cropping for 1-7 crops was used as experimental material.The physiological index, yield index and soil physiological and biochemical index of cowpea in continuous cropping facilities were studied by using the method of complete random design, in order to provide reference for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping cowpea in facilities.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and other physiological indexes of cowpea in greenhouse had little effect with the increase of continuous cropping times of cowpea, and there was no significant difference between continuous cropping.However, after 3 times of continuous cropping, soil nutrients and cowpea plant height, pod length, single pod weight and other yield traits were significantly affected, showing a significant downward trend.In addition, cowpea needs to absorb a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in the seedling stage and vegetative growth stage, and the flowering and pod setting stage was the peak period of nitrogen and potassium demand.Therefore, in the seedling stage and vegetative growth stage of protected cowpea anti continuous cropping cultivation, organic fertilizer and inorganic balance fertilizer need to be added, and in the seedling stage, stress resistant functional fertilizer needs to be added appropriately.Cowpea needed less phosphorus, but phosphorus deficiency would seriously affect the yield of cowpea.Therefore, in the reproductive growth stage of resistant continuous cropping cowpea, phosphorus leaf fertilizer could be applied to overcome continuous cropping obstacles.

关 键 词：连作 设施豇豆 土壤养分 生长发育 品质 

分 类 号：S626.5[农业科学—园艺学]