墨兰花芽形态分化及生理特性研究  

Morphology and Physiological Characteristics During Flower Bud Differentiation in Cymbidium sinense

作　　者：黄洁衔 李腾基 黄紫钦 逯有法 张建霞 HUANG Jiexian;LI Tengji;HUANG Ziqin;LU Youfa;ZHANG Jianxia(College of Forestry Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Guangdong,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广东省森林植物种质创新与利用重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第3期56-63,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金资助项目(2019A1515011288);广州市科技计划资助项目(201707010345)。

摘　　要：以墨兰‘企剑白墨’花芽分化期的花芽和功能叶为试材,通过研究花芽分化的形态建成,分析花芽分化期其功能叶淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及内源激素的动态变化过程,以期为墨兰成花调控机理提供参考依据。结果表明:‘企剑白墨’花芽分化可分为6个时期,未分化期、花序原基分化期、小花原基分化期、花萼原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期以及合蕊柱及花粉块原基分化期。在花芽分化过程中,功能叶中淀粉、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均呈上升-下降-上升趋势;CAT和POD活性处于较高水平;赤霉素(GA3)含量整体呈下降趋势,而生长素(IAA)含量持续增加并保持稳定水平,脱落酸(ABA)总体呈上升趋势。综上所述,碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白质的积累有利于诱导花芽形成,花芽的形态建成需要消耗大量糖分和可溶性蛋白质;高活力CAT和POD可保障花芽分化顺利进行;低水平GA3和高水平IAA及ABA利于诱导花芽的发育,高含量GA3、IAA和ABA对花被片原基的分化起重要作用。The flower buds and functional leaves of Cymbidium sinense ‘Qi Jian Bai Mo’ during flower bud differentiation were used as experimental materials.The dynamic changes of starch, soluble sugar, soluble protein content, CAT and POD activities and endogenous hormones in functional leaves during flower bud differentiation were analyzed, in order to provide reference for the regulation mechanism of flower formation of Cymbidium sinense.The results showed that the flower bud differentiation of ‘Qi Jian Bai Mo’ could be divided into six phases, undifferentiation phase, inflorescence primordium differentiation phase, flower primordium differentiation phase, sepal primordium differentiation phase, petal primordium differentiation phase and column and pollinia primordium differentiation phase.During flower bud differentiation, the contents of starch, soluble sugar and soluble protein in functional leaves showed an up-down-up trend.CAT and POD activities were at a high level.Gibberellin(GA3) content decreased, while auxin(IAA) content continued to increase and remained stable.Abscisic acid(ABA) content was an overall upward trend.In conclusion, the accumulation of carbohydrate and soluble protein was beneficial to induce flower bud formation, and flower bud morphogenesis required to consume of a large amount of sugar and soluble protein.CAT and POD with high activity could ensure flower bud differentiation smoothly.The low level of GA3and high level of IAA and ABA could induce flower bud development, and high level of GA3,IAA and ABA play an important role in the differentiation of perianth primordia.

关 键 词：墨兰 花芽分化 营养代谢 抗氧化酶 内源激素 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]