扩大种植规模还是参与外包服务:农药减量化的逻辑选择  

Expanding the planting scale or participating in outsourcing services:The logical choice of pesticide reduction

作　　者：蔡文聪 霍学喜[1,2] 杨海钰 CAI Wencong;HUO Xuexi;YANG Haiyu(College of Economics and Management,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Center for Western Rural Development,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,杨凌712100 [2]西部农村发展研究中心,杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2023年第2期50-58,共9页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(71933005);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28)资助。

摘　　要：基于关中平原820份小麦种植户调查数据,采用C-D生产函数和损害控制模型,研究了小麦种植户农药投入的边际生产率;采用OLS模型、中介效应和调节效应分析麦农种植规模、施药外包服务对农药减量化的影响及作用机理。研究发现:1)农药成本高于农药投入的边际价值,小麦种植户存在农药投入过量问题;2)麦农种植规模与农药施用量之间存在“U”型关系,说明农药减量存在“适度规模”;3)麦农施药业务外包有利于其减少农药施用量,且不同规模的麦农通过施药业务外包均可减少农药施用量,表明外包服务在麦农种植规模与农药减量关系之间具有中介作用,其中介效应达27.93%;4)不同种植规模麦农在施药服务外包过程中的农药减量效果存在差异,其中面向小规模麦农的施药服务减量效果更加显著,表明施药外包服务的减药效率与麦农经营规模密切相关。因此,从农药减量化视角,政府应该以农户为基础,重视培育农业适度规模经营体系,并注重培育更具有效性的施药外包服务市场,引导、激励小规模农户融入该市场。Based on the survey data of 820 wheat growers in Guanzhong Plain,the marginal productivity of pesticide inputs for wheat growers was studied by using C-D production function and Damage-abatement function.OLS model,mediating effect and moderating effect were used to analyze the effects of wheat growers’planting scale and pesticide application outsourcing service on pesticide reduction and its mechanism.The results showed that:1)The cost of pesticide is higher than the marginal value of pesticide input,so,there is the problem of excessive pesticide input for wheat growers.2)There is a“U-shaped”relationship between the planting scale and the pesticide application amount,indicating that the pesticide reduction exists at a moderate scale.3)The outsourcing of pesticide application by wheat growers is conducive to the reduction of pesticide application,and the all wheat growers with different scale of planting can reduce the amount of pesticide application by outsourcing of pesticide application,indicating that outsourcing service has a mediating effect on the relationship between the planting scale and pesticide reduction for wheat growers,with a mediating effect of 27.93%.4)There are differences in the pesticide reduction effect of pesticide application outsourcing service for wheat farmers with different planting scales,among which the pesticide reduction effect of outsourcing service for small-scale wheat growers is more significant,indicating that the pesticide reduction efficiency of pesticide application outsourcing service is closely related to the planting scale of wheat growers.Therefore,from the perspective of pesticide reduction,the government should formulate farmer oriented relative policies that pay more attention to cultivation of agricultural moderate scale management system,and more effective pesticide application outsourcing service market,so as to guide and encourage small-scale farmers to integrate into the market.

关 键 词：农药减量化 外包服务 边际生产率 小麦种植户 

分 类 号：S48[农业科学—农药学]