避雨栽培对鲜食葡萄植株生长及病害发生的影响  

Effects of Shelter Cultivation on the Growth and Disease Occurrence of Table Grape

作　　者：张晓月 郭俊强 王祎玮 王琦俐 李智[1,2,3] 王西平 ZHANG Xiaoyue;GUO Junqiang;WANG Yiwei;WANG Qili;LI Zhi;WANG Xiping(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100 [3]农业部西北园艺作物生物学与种质创新重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2023年第2期255-264,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001401);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDLNY04-08);陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟重大科技项目(LMZD201902)。

摘　　要：以欧亚种葡萄品种‘红地球’、‘火焰无核’以及欧美杂交种葡萄品种‘户太八号’、‘夏黑’为试材,分析了露地和避雨两种栽培模式下鲜食葡萄叶片光合气体交换参数、生理指标、抗病性以及枝条生长的差异,探明避雨栽培模式对鲜食葡萄生长发育以及病害发生的影响。结果表明:(1)避雨栽培下鲜食葡萄叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均低于露地栽培,而其叶片的气孔导度较露地栽培有所上升;避雨栽培显著促进了鲜食葡萄叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量的增加,降低了叶绿素a/b比值,且在‘红地球’、‘火焰无核’中的作用更显著。(2)各葡萄品种叶片中可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白含量在两种栽培模式间无显著差异,但露地栽培葡萄叶片中水杨酸(SA)含量显著高于避雨栽培,且抗霜霉病品种‘户太八号’和‘夏黑’叶片中SA含量的增加幅度显著高于感病品种‘红地球’和‘火焰无核’。(3)避雨栽培显著降低了鲜食葡萄病叶率、叶片病情指数,且在欧亚种葡萄上达到极显著水平。(4)与露地栽培相比,避雨栽培葡萄枝条的长度和粗度均显著增加,且在葡萄果实采收后‘户太八号’和‘夏黑’枝条粗度在增幅上表现极显著。研究发现,避雨栽培显著减少了鲜食葡萄病害的发生,提高叶片光合作用效率,促进枝条生长和葡萄生长发育。The main grape varieties ‘Red Globe’, ‘Flame Seedless’, ‘Hutai No.8’ and ‘Summer Black’ were used as test materials. We set up Open-filed cultivation(OFc) and Shelter-rain cultivation(SRc) pattern, to analyze the two kinds of table grapes from leaf photosynthetic parameters, physiological indexes, disease resistance and shoot growth. The results showed that:(1) the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and transpiration rate(Tr) of table grape leaves under SRc were lower than those under OFc, and the stomatal conductance(Gs) of leaves under SRc was higher than OFc. SRc significantly promoted the increase of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents in table grape leaves, and decreased the ratio of chlorophyll a/b, and the effect of SRc was more significant in ‘Red Earth’ and ‘Flame Seedless’.(2) There was no significant difference in the contents of total soluble sugar and soluble protein in grape leaves between SRc and OFc modes;The SA(salicylic acid) content in the leaves of table grape under OFc was significantly higher than that under the SRc, and the increase of SA content in the leaves of downy mildew resistant grape varieties ‘Hutai No.8’ and ‘Summer Black’ was significantly higher than that susceptible grape varieties ‘Red Globe’ and ‘Flame Seedless’.(3) In conclusion, SRc can effectively control the occurrence of table grape diseases;SRc greatly reduced the rate of diseased leaves, reduced the disease index of leaves, and increased the grade of resistance to disease of grapes, especially in Vitis vinifera L.(4) Compared with OFc, the length and thickness of table grape branches increased significantly under SRc, and ‘Hutai No.8’ and ‘Summer Black’ showed extremely significant increase after grape fruit harvesting. Therefore shelter-rain cultivation significantly reduced the occurreue of table grape diseases, improvcd leaf photosynthesis efficiency, it is beneficial to promote the growth and development of table grapes in the current year, is the mai

关 键 词：鲜食葡萄 避雨栽培 霜霉病 生长发育 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学] S663.1[农业科学—果树学]