地热流体开发利用中防垢除垢技术研究进展  

Status of Scale Prevention and Removal Technologies in Utilization of Geothermal Fluid

作　　者：谢迎春 李义曼[2,3] 王宗满 孙国强 卜宪标 庞忠和[2,3] 黄天明[2,3] XIE Ying-Chun;LI Yi-man;WANG Zong-man;SUN Guo-qiang;BU Xian-biao;PANG Zhong-he;HUANG Tian-ming(CNNP Kunhua Energy Development Co.Ltd.,Hangzhou 311113,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]中核坤华能源发展有限公司,杭州311113 [2]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国科学院广州能源研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《新能源进展》2023年第1期21-28,共8页Advances in New and Renewable Energy

基　　金：中核集团地热勘查开发利用关键技术研究项目(0505000281);国家自然科学基金重点项目(42130809);中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所重点部署项目(IGGCAS-202204)。

摘　　要：地热流体结垢是阻碍地热资源稳定、经济和高效开发利用的因素之一。系统总结了中高温地热流体开发利用中防垢除垢技术研究进展。中高温地热田中代表性垢物是钙垢和硅垢,其中钙垢成分以CaCO3为主,多形成于因压力下降导致CO_(2)脱气的开采井或者地面设备,硅垢成分以无定型SiO_(2)为主,多形成于因温度下降导致的溶解度减小的回灌井或者地面设备。实际生产中防垢除垢技术应结合地热流体利用方式进行选择和优化,直接利用方式可考虑采用基于CaCO3和无定型SiO_(2)热力学性质的防垢技术;发电方式中钙垢可考虑阻垢剂注入的防垢技术,而硅垢则考虑利用石英和无定型SiO_(2)溶解度差异、调控温度、pH、无定型Si O_(2)浓度等防垢技术。The scaling problem is one of the obstacles to the stable,economic,and efficient development and utilization of geothermal energy(especially high-temperature geothermal resources).The progress of scale prevention and removal technologies for geothermal fluid are systematically summarized in this work.Representative scales in middle-high temperature geothermal fields are calcium scale and silica scale.Calcium scale is mainly composed of carbonate that formed in the exploitation wells or ground equipment from CO_(2)degassing due to the pressure drop.Silica scale is mainly composed of amorphous SiO_(2)that formed in the reinjection wells or ground equipment from solubility decrease due to the decrease of temperature.In practice,scale prevention and removal technologies should be selected and optimized in combination with the utilization way of geothermal energy.For direct utilization,technologies based on the thermodynamic properties of calcium carbonate and amorphous SiO_(2)are proposed.For power generation,inhibition technology is suggested for calcium scale and technologies including usage of solubility difference between quartz and amorphous SiO_(2),and adjustment of temperature,pH,and amorphous SiO_(2)concentration are suggested for silica scale.

关 键 词：地热流体 碳酸钙垢 硅垢 防垢方法 除垢技术 

分 类 号：TK521[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程] P641.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]