2021年东京奥运会女子100米栏决赛运动员时间参数特征研究  

A Study on Time Parameter Characteristics of Women’s 100m Hurdle Finalists in Tokyo Olympic Games

作　　者：李宗智 Li Zongzhi(Shongdong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China.)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学,山东济南250358

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2023年第2期13-16,共4页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：研究目的:在选定的时间参数基础上调查优秀女子短跑跨栏运动员的技术特点,并检验在高水平跨栏比赛中是否存在一种共同的比赛模式,探寻8名运动员时间参数的差异,分析运动员之间的时间参数存在差异的原因并提出相关意见与建议。研究方法:采用文献资料法、二维视频分析法和数理统计法等方法,对跨栏项目关键技术参数指标进行定量研究和分析。研究结果:①女子100米栏比赛中最后一栏的分段时间与最终成绩相关性较大,起跑反应时和起跑至第一栏的时间与最终成绩相关性较小。②东京奥运会女子100米栏冠军Jasmine C.与亚军Kendra H.从起跑之后便一直处于领先并保持到了终点,二人的加速能力以及栏间速度节奏和保持能力为八人之首,在第九栏亚军Kendra H.碰倒栏架导致身体重心不稳,失去栏间节奏,从而与第一名拉开差距。③女子100米栏的栏间平均用时最短出现在thu6(第六栏至第七栏之间)和thu7(第七栏至第八栏之间),即大约在60米至72米之间出现最高速度。栏间平均用时最长出现在thu2(第二栏至第八栏之间),大约在22米至28米处,这与百米跑运动员速度节奏有着明显的不同。④碰到栏架也是致使栏间用时较长的原因之一,但合理的身体部位触碰栏架,并不会对栏间时间产生过大的影响。⑤过栏时间与栏间用时相辅相成,较快的过栏时间会提高下一阶段栏间用时,同样过栏时间的快慢也会被上一阶段栏间用时的快慢所影响,所以跨栏运动员在跨栏比赛中,应该尽可能减少栏上腾空时间(即过栏时间),摆动腿过栏后应积极下压,起跨腿快速提拉前摆,从而更加趋近于“跑栏”,提升运动成绩。The purpose of this study is to investigate the technical characteristics of elite female sprinters on the basis of selected time parameters,to test whether there is a common competition mode in high performance hurdles,to explore the differences of time parameters among top eight athletes,to find out the reasons for the differences among athletes,and to put forward relevant opinions and suggestions.Methods:through the methods of literature review,two-dimensional video analysis and mathematical statistics,the key technical parameters of hurdle race were quantitatively studied and analyzed.Results:(a)In the women’s 100-meter hurdle,there is a great correlation between the segment time of the last hurdle and the final result,but there is little correlation between the starting reaction time and the starting time to the first hurdle.(b)Jasmine C.,the women’s 100m hurdle champion in Tokyo Olympic Games,and Kendra H.,the runner-up,have been in the lead and kept to the finish line since the start of the race.Their acceleration ability,inter-hurdle speed rhythm and retention ability are the highest among eight people.Kendra H.,the runner-up in the ninth hurdle,knocked down the hurdle,causing her body to lose her inter-hurdle rhythm,thus widening the gap with the first place.(c)The shortest average time between hurdles in women’s 100m hurdles occurs in thu6(between the 6th and 7th hurdle)and thu7(between the 7th and 8th hurdls),that is,the highest speed occurs between 60m and 72m.The average interval time is the longest in thu2(between the second and eighth hurdle),about 22 to 28 meters,which is obviously different from the speed rhythm of 100-meter runners.(d)Touching the hurdle is also one of the reasons for the long time between hurdles.However,a reasonable body part touching the hurdle will not have an excessive impact on the time between hurdles.(e)The hurdle-crossing time and the time between hurdles complement each other.A faster hurdle time will increase the next hurdle time,and the same hurdle time will al

关 键 词：东京奥运会 田径 女子100米栏 时间参数 

分 类 号：G822.6[文化科学—体育训练]