公共服务的个体化分布如何影响个体获得感——小城镇与乡下村落样本的比较分析  

Individualized Distribution of Public Services and Its Impact on Sense of Gain:Analysis of the Comparison between Small Towns and Rural Villages

作　　者：余泓波 YU Hongbo

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京大学公共事务与地方治理研究中心,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2023年第2期99-110,共12页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“我国制度优势的群众基础及其巩固机制研究”(21YJC810009)。

摘　　要：基于“2019年中国城乡社会治理调查”中3487个小城镇与乡下村落的样本,从个体层面考察其生活场景中公共服务的客观供给状况,通过个体的获得感体验,厘清公共服务供给向获得感转化的具体机制。研究不同于现有文献多以宏观财政或统计资料测度公共服务供给水平,而是以访员观察方式记录受访样本个体层面的公共服务客观分布数据;在公共服务内容上侧重于个体较易感知和较常接触的事项,同时兼顾不同区域及不同个体的普遍适用性;公共服务获得感指个体在获取公共服务时的主观感受尤其是对获取便捷性的体验。分析发现:个体层面公共服务供给的东中西差异不大,但小城镇的供给水平却显著高于乡下村落;受访者的公共服务获得感也表现出明显的小城镇优势。分组回归模型则显示,中部地区样本的公共服务体验,具有显著的“镇-村”居住地差异,且受社会服务类(而非基础设施类)供给的显著影响。对小城镇样本而言,客观投入驱动的公共服务获得感提升效应并不显著,但在乡下村落样本中,公共服务客观供给仍能显著提升个体体验。在全面推进乡村振兴的大背景之下,乡村公共服务的建设与发展既要考虑均等化,也应注重区域与“镇-村”的差异化机制,以此将公共服务的客观供给更为高效地转化为个体的公共服务获得感。Based on 3,487 respondents from small towns and rural areas in the 2019 China Social Governance Survey, this study examines the objective supply of public services in their life scenarios at the individual level and elucidates the specific mechanism. Instead of using macro-fiscal data to measure the level of public service delivery in the existing literature, this study uses interviewer observations to record the objective distribution of public services at the interviewees’ level. The study focuses on the content of public services that are easily perceived and frequently accessed by citizens, as well as the general applicability to different regions and individuals. The analysis found that there is no significant difference between the eastern and western regions in the provision of public services at the individual level, but the level of provision in small towns is significantly higher than that in rural villages;the respondents’ sense of access to public services also shows a clear advantage in small towns. The subgroup regression model shows that the public service experience of the central region respondents has significant “town-village” residence differences, and is significantly influenced by the supply of social services(rather than infrastructure). For the small town sample, the effect of objective input-driven public service access is not significant, but in the rural village sample, it can still significantly enhance the individual experience. In the context of the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization, the construction and development of rural public services should consider equalization and focus on regional and “town-village” differentiation mechanisms.

关 键 词：公共服务供给 公共服务获得感 党的二十大 乡村治理 乡村公共服务 

分 类 号：D442.7[政治法律—政治学] D669.3[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]