玉米/大豆带状套作种间根系互作效应与水分利用效率  

Interspecific root interactions and water use efficiency of maize/soybean by relay strip intercropping

作　　者：肖特 崔阔澍[3] 黄文娟 杨文钰 XIAO Te;CUI Kuo-shu;HUANG Wen-juan;YANG Wen-yu(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan General Popularization Centre of Agricultural Technique,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Academy of Botanical Engineering,Chengdu 611730,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130 [2]四川省中医药科学院,成都610041 [3]四川省农业技术推广总站,成都610041 [4]四川省植物工程研究院,成都611730

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第12期2758-2771,共14页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300209,2016YFD0300602);国家大豆产业技术体系项目(CARS-04-PS19);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2018SZYD0003);四川省科技创新创业苗子工程(2016RZ0061);四川省重点研发计划(2022YFN0045)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究玉米/大豆带状套作对2种作物根系生长与水分利用效率的影响,探究其种间竞争和促进作用。【方法】大田环境下,采取不同种植模式结合地下分隔试验,测定玉米和大豆的产量、生物量、根长密度(RLD)、土壤含水量等指标,分析作物根系分布和水分利用效率(WUE),并比较玉米/大豆种间互作效应。【结果】玉米/大豆套作模式下土地当量比(LER)为1.46~2.00。套作模式中玉米为优势种,具有更强的竞争力[攻击力(Ams)平均为1.67;相对拥挤系数(Kms)平均为2.66]。玉米/大豆套作促进了2种作物根系的生长和分布,玉米根系水平方向上集中分布在0~30 cm,RLD占比89.35%,且与大豆根系有交互作用。玉米根系垂直方向集中分布在0~60 cm,RLD占比93.00%,大豆根系集中在0~20 cm,RLD占比80.46%。与单作相比,套作模式下玉米、大豆的WUE仅分别降低0.71%~18.76%和2.69%~20.39%;玉米/大豆2∶2轮作模式(MS2)WUE降低最少,同时,玉米籽粒产量提高8.00%,大豆产量降低14.78%,增产效果明显,土地利用率最大。【结论】玉米/大豆套作能增强玉米地上物质生产能力,同时改善地下根系分布环境,提高农田土地和水分生产力。玉米/大豆2∶2轮作模式具有最高土地生产力和水分利用效率优势,适合西南丘区推广应用。【Objective】The experiment aimed to study the effects of maize/soybean by strip relay intercropping on root growth and water use efficiency(WUE)of two crops,and to explore the interspecific competition and promotion.【Method】In the field environment,different planting patterns combined with underground separation experiment were adopted.Measured maize/soybean’s yield,biomass,root length density(RLD),soil water content etc.,analyzed the root distribution and WUE,and compared the interspecific interaction of maize/soybean.【Result】The land equivalent ratio(LER)of maize/soybean strip relay intercropping was 1.46-2.00.Maize was the dominant species in intercropping pattern,which has stronger competitiveness(The average aggressivity Ams was 1.67 and relative crowding coefficient Kms was 2.66).Maize/soybean intercropping promoted the two crops’root growth and distribution.The root of maize was distributed in the horizontal direction of 0-30 cm,and the RLD accounted for 89.35%,and had interaction with the root of soybean.The roots of maize were concentrated in the vertical direction of 0-60 cm,with RLD accounting for 93.00%,and the roots of soybean were concentrated in the vertical direction of 0-20 cm,with RLD accounting for 80.46%.Compared to the mono-cropped species,In intercropping pattern,WUE of maize and soybean only decreased by 0.71%-18.76%and 2.69%-20.39%,respectively,Maize/soybean 2∶2 rotation pattern(MS2)had the lowest WUE reduction,and maize grain yield increased by 8.00%and soybean yield decreased by 14.78%,the effect of increasing production was obvious,and the land utilization rate was the highest.【Conclusion】Maize/soybean intercropping can enhance the above-ground material production capacity of maize,improve the underground root distribution environment,and improve the farmland land and water productivity.The maize/soybean 2∶2 cropping pattern has the highest land productivity and WUE,which is suitable for popularization and application in southwest hilly area.

关 键 词：玉米 大豆 套作 产量 水分利用效率 根系分布 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]