树形对骏枣叶片生理状态及产量和品质的影响  

Impact of tree shapes on physiological characteristics of leaves, yield and fruit quality of Jun jujube

作　　者：卢明艳[1] 宋锋惠[1] 史彦江[1] 故里米热·卡克什 王灵哲 LU Ming-yan;SONG Feng-hui;SHI Yan-jiang;Gu Li-mirekakeshi;WANG Ling-zhe(Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi 830002,China;College of Forestry and horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第12期2794-2800,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区林业专项资金林果业提质增效科技专项资金项目(XJLGZX19-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究骏枣不同树形对其叶片生理状态及产量和品质的影响。【方法】以7年生骏枣为研究对象,对枣头形、小冠疏层形和开心形冠层骏枣的叶片特性、光合生理特征参数及树形间产量及果实品质进行测定与分析,并进行综合评价。【结果】(1)骏枣不同冠层叶片的叶面积、叶片厚度、叶干物质含量、相对叶绿素含量SPAD均表现为:上层>中层>下层,且小冠疏层形骏枣和枣头形骏枣叶片的形态结构有利于提高光合作用,降低蒸腾作用。(2)不同树形骏枣的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均呈现出冠层从下层到上层增加的趋势(开心形冠层根据高度分为中、下层)。(3)骏枣叶片水分利用效率与气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.998、-1.000,与其他指标无显著相关性。骏枣单株结果数与气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为1.000、0.998,和水分利用效率呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.999,与其他指标无显著相关性。(4)采用主成分分析综合评价法对骏枣产量、果实外在品质以及内在品质等指标受树形的影响进行综合评价,二级果率、可溶性固形物、Vc和总黄酮含量是影响骏枣综合性状的重要指标,其次是果实横径、皮皮枣率、单株果数、单株产量和还原糖含量。【结论】枣头形骏枣综合评分最高,产量较高、品质表现较好,是适宜高光效栽培的树形。【Objective】The study aimed to find out the impact of tree shapes on the physiological characteristics of Jun jujube leaves on different branches of fruit quality and on its fruit quality.【Method】Taking 7-year-old Jun jujube as experimental materials, the leaf characteristics, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, inter-tree shape yield and fruit quality in the jujube head open center, small crown sparse layer shape and open heart shape canopy were measured, analyzed and comprehensively evaluated.【Result】(i) The leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, relative chlorophyll content of different canopy leaves showed upper layer>middle layer>lower layer, and the morphological structure of jujube head shape, sparse canopy shape leaves was beneficial to improve photosynthesis, reduce transpiration.(ii) The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of different tree shapes all showed an increasing trend of the canopy from the lower layer to the upper layer(open center shapes was divided into the middle and lower layer according to the height, the same as below).(iii) The leaf water use efficiency of Jun jujube was significantly negatively correlated with stomatal conductance and transpiration rate.The correlation coefficients were-0.998 and-1.000, respectively, but not significantly correlated with other indicators. The number of results per plant was significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance and the correlation coefficients were 1.000 and 0.998, respectively;The transpiration rate was significantly negatively correlated with water use efficiency and the correlation coefficient was-0.999 with no significant correlation with other indicators.(iv) A comprehensive evaluation method of principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the effects of the three tree shapes on yield, fruit external quality and internal quality. The secondary fruit rate, soluble solids, Vc and total flavone content were the most important indexes affe

关 键 词：骏枣 树形 叶片特性 叶片光合生理 产量品质 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]