西安市市政供水三氯甲烷分布特征及多途径暴露健康风险评估  

Distribution characteristics and multi-pathways health risk assessment of trichloromethane in municipal water of Xi’an

作　　者：赵桂鹏[1] 邹柯婷[1] 徐清[1] 刘锐晓[1] 骆选宏[1] 管蓉[1] ZHAO Gui-peng;ZOU Ke-ting;XU Qing;LIU Rui-xiao;LUO Xuan-hong;GUAN Rong(Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第4期611-617,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：西安市卫生健康委员会科研项目(2020yb45);陕西省重点研发计划(2021SF-468)。

摘　　要：目的分析西安市市政供水三氯甲烷的分布特征,评估三氯甲烷多途径暴露对成人的健康风险。方法依据2021年西安市市政供水水质监测工作指南,在西安市城区分四个季度采集出厂水、管网末梢水、二次供水,按照国标方法对三氯甲烷进行检测,应用美国环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评估模型,评估三氯甲烷多途径暴露的累积健康风险。结果2021年西安市出厂水、管网末梢水、二次供水三氯甲烷的含量分别为11.5(12.4)μg/L、17.0(14.8)μg/L、24.0(13.5)μg/L,出厂水<管网末梢水<二次供水(χ^(2)=55.604,P<0.001);四个季度同类型水样比较,管网末梢水三氯甲烷含量不同(χ^(2)=13.761,P=0.003)、二次供水三氯甲烷含量也不相同(χ^(2)=39.998,P<0.001),第三季度管网末梢水、二次供水三氯甲烷含量高于其它三个季度同类型水样。西安市市政供水三氯甲烷的日均暴露剂量为7.39×10^(-4)mg/(kg·d),饮水摄入途径的日均暴露剂量远高于呼吸吸入和皮肤吸收;三氯甲烷的致癌风险和非致癌风险在出厂水、管网末梢水、二次供水中均是依次升高,致癌风险介于10^(-6)~10^(-4)之间,饮水摄入和呼吸吸入是三氯甲烷致癌风险的主要风险来源;非致癌风险HI<1,饮水摄入是三氯甲烷非致癌风险的主要风险来源。结论西安市市政供水三氯甲烷致癌风险在可接受水平但应该引起关注,需同时重视饮水摄入和呼吸吸入两种暴露途径的致癌风险,二次供水的健康风险高于出厂水和管网末梢水,需加强监管。Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of trichloromethane in municipal water of Xi’an,and to evaluate the multi-pathways cumulative health risk of adults.Methods According to the guidelines for 2021 municipal water quality monitoring of Xi’an,Samples of water plant,terminal tap water and secondary water supply were collected in the urban area of Xi’an in four quarters.Chloroform was detected according to the national standard and multi-pathways cumulative health risk was estimated through the model of US EPA.Results The chloroform content of collected samples was 11.5(12.4)μg/L,17.0(14.8)μg/L and 24.0(13.5)μg/L,with highest in secondary water supply and lowest in water plant(χ^(2)=55.604,P<0.001);Comparing water samples of the same type in four quarters,the trichloromethane content in the terminal water of the pipe network was different(χ^(2)=13.761,P=0.003),so was the secondary water supply(χ^(2)=39.998,P<0.001),the trichloromethane content of the terminal water and secondary water supply samples of the pipe network in the third quarter were higher than that of the same type of water samples in other three quarters.The average daily exposure dose of chloroform was 7.39×10^(-4)mg/(kg·d),and the average daily dose of drinking water intake was much higher than that of respiratory inhalation and skin absorption;The carcinogenic risk and noncarcinogenic risk of trichloromethane increased in turn in the samples of water plant,terminal tap water and secondary water supply,and the carcinogenic risk ranged from 10^(-6)to 10^(-4),drinking water intake and respiratory inhalation were the main risk sources;HI<1,drinking water intake is the main source of noncarcinogenic risk.Conclusion The carcinogenic risk of chloroform of Xi’an municipal water is at an acceptable level,but the need to conduct remedial action must be considered.Attention should be paid to the carcinogenic risk of drinking water intake and respiratory inhalation simultaneously.The health risk of secondary water supply is high

关 键 词：市政供水 三氯甲烷 多途径 风险评估 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]