基于潜在剖面分析的社区老年人老化期望影响因素研究  

Influencing factors of aging expectation of community elderly based on latent profile analysis

作　　者：王冬华[1] 陈可怡 陈玲[1] 何杰[1] 王欣雨 WANG Dong-hua;CHEN Ke-yi;CHEN Ling;HE Jie;WANG Xin-yu(College of Nursing,Changsha Medical University,Changsha,Hunan,410219,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙医学院护理学院,湖南长沙410219

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第4期659-664,687,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2020年湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(20A058);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(教高司函【2021】13号-s202110823015)。

摘　　要：目的识别社区老年人老化期望类型,并比较不同老化期望类型老年人在人口学、精神幸福感的特征差异。方法于2021年8至9月采用一般资料调查问卷、老化期望量表和精神幸福感量表对385名社区老年人行问卷调查。结果社区老年人老化期望类型可分为“普遍中期望型”(n=282)、“普遍低期望型”(n=25)、“躯体健康低期望型”(n=57)和“普遍高期望型”(n=21)。多元logistic回归分析结果显示,不同老化期望类型的老年人在性别、户籍、居住情况、退/离休前职业、锻炼情况和患慢性病种类的数量和精神幸福感得分的上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与“普遍高期望型”相比,“普遍中期望型”(OR=0.748,95%CI=0.625~0.895)、“普遍低期望型”(OR=0.703,95%CI=0.580~0.852)和“躯体健康低期望型”(OR=0.790,95%CI=0.656~0.952)与精神幸福感得分呈负向关联。结论社区老年人的老化期望存在异质性,识别出4个老化期望类型。尤其关注“普遍低期望型”和“躯体健康低期望型”老年人,为各老化期望类型的老年人制定针对性的心理疏导措施,引导其正确应对晚年生活。Objective To identify the aging expectation types of the elderly in the community,and to compare the characteristics of demographic and spiritual well-being of the elderly with different aging expectation types.Methods From August to September 2021,385 community elderly people were investigated with the general information questionnaire,expectations regarding aging-12 and spirituality index of well-being.Results The aging expectation types of the community elderly could be divided into"general medium expectation type"(n=282),"general low expectation type"(n=25),"low expectation type of physical health"(n=57)and"general high expectation type"(n=21).The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in gender,household registration,living conditions,occupation before retirement,exercise situation,the number of chronic diseases and the scores of spiritual well-being among the elderly with different aging expectation types(P<0.05).Compared with“general high expectation type”,“general medium expectation type”(OR=0.748,95%CI=0.625-0.895),“general low expectation type”(OR=0.703,95%CI=0.580-0.852)and“low expectation type of physical health”(OR=0.790,95%CI=0.656-0.952)were negatively correlated with the spiritual well-being.Conclusion There is heterogeneity in the aging expectation of the elderly in the community,and four types of aging expectation are identified.Special attention should be paid to the elderly with“general low expectations”and“low physical health expectations”.Targeted psychological counseling measures should be formulated for the elderly with different aging expectations to guide them to correctly cope with their later life.

关 键 词：老年人 老化期望 精神幸福感 潜在剖面分析 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]