汉语书面叙事中主语的指称形式和篇章功能  

The Referential Forms of Subject and Their Function in Chinese Written Narratives

作　　者：乐耀 曹华承 YUE Yao;CAO Huacheng

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中文系,361005 [2]英国伦敦大学学院语言学系,London WC1N 1PF

出　　处：《汉语学报》2023年第1期2-15,共14页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金一般项目“汉语口语修补现象的语法研究”(项目编号:20BYY175)的资助。

摘　　要：文章考察书面叙事语篇中主语指称形式的特点及其在表达不同篇章功能时所呈现的差异,并从信息激活状态的认知角度对这些差异给予解释。研究发现:在组织语篇的过程中,言者倾向用典型施事做主语。在引入新角色方面,无定主语句使用频率最高,其中的无定主语有标记故事情节边界的作用。在回指功能方面,零形式和人称代词多用在句中及句末,在语篇中标记更强的话题连续性和语篇整合度;名词回指主要出现在句首,体现了言者在信息激活过程中对信息的整合,即将与其兴趣相关的信息整合在一个句子中,而用不同的句子和名词回指来标记不同的兴趣中心。This paper mainly discusses the properties of referential forms used as the subject in Chinese written narratives and their different functions,addressing the explanation from the perspective of cognitive status.One of our conclusions is that characters with a typical agent role tend to be coded as the subject in the production of a narrative.Meanwhile,in terms of the introduction of new characters,there is a higher possibility to use clauses with indifinite subjects,which mark episode boundaries in the discourse.Pronouns and zero-anaphora that are used for anaphora usually occur in the middle or at the end of sentences and mark stronger topic continuity and better discourse coherence.On the other hand,noun phrases used for anaphora mainly occur at the beginning of sentences.This phenomenon means that speakers or writers are inclined to integrate interest-related information in one sentence and use different sentences and noun-anaphora to mark the different center of interest.

关 键 词：主语 书面叙事 指称形式 回指功能 话语分析 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]