水生动物野田村病毒研究进展  

Advances in the Researches on Nodaviruses in Aquatic Animals

作　　者：陈信忠 曾韵颖 朱黄鑫 龚艳清 郭书林 叶鹏 Chen Xinzhong;Zeng Yunying;Zhu Huangxin;Gong Yanqing;Guo Shulin;Ye Peng(Xiamen Customs,Xiamen,Fujian 361026,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门海关,福建厦门361026

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2023年第3期62-71,共10页China Animal Health Inspection

摘　　要：随着水产养殖业的快速发展,各种新发传染病不断暴发流行,其中由野田村病毒引起的传染病,造成大批养殖水生动物死亡,给水产养殖业和生态环境带来了严重威胁。野田村病毒分为α野田村病毒属和β野田村病毒属,以及分类未定的野田村病毒,其中水生动物野田村病毒主要包括鱼类神经坏死病毒、对虾偷死野田村病毒、罗氏沼虾野田村病毒、行动障碍野田村病毒以及贝类神经坏死病毒。一些野田村病毒易感宿主多,如α野田村病毒可感染哺乳动物,虾类野田村病毒可感染鱼类,鱼类野田村病毒又可感染贝类,加之近年来的研究发现一些野田村病毒毒株存在自然重组现象,这对水产养殖业造成了威胁。本文综述了野田村病毒科病毒的分类,水生动物野田村病毒主要种类,以及野田村病毒跨物种传播、病毒重组等研究进展,探讨国内外新发现的水生动物野田村病毒的潜在风险,为有效监测和防控水生动物野田村病毒病提供借鉴。With rapid development of aquaculture,various emerging infectious diseases had constantly occurred,especially the diseases caused by nodaviruses,had made a large number of cultured aquatic animals die,posing a serious threat to the industry and ecological environment.Nodaviruses were divided into Alphanodavirus and Betanodavirus,as well as the undetermined viruses,in which,the nodaviruses in aquatic animals mainly included fish nervous necrosis virus(NNV),covert mortality noda virus(CMNV),macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus(MrNV),movement disorder nodavirus(MDNV)and Korea shellfish nervous necrosis virus(KSNNV).Many susceptible hosts could be infected by some nodaviruses,for example,mammals by Alphanodaviruses,fish by shrimp nodaviruses,and shellfish by fish nodaviruses,in addition,natural recombination was found from some nodaviruses by the researches in recent years,which endangered the industry.In the paper,the classification of nodaviridae,main types of nodaviruses in aquatic animals,and the researches on cross-species transmission and virus recombination were summarized,and potential risks of the nodaviruses newly discovered in the world were discussed,which could provide a reference for effective monitoring and control of the virus.

关 键 词：水生动物 野田村病毒 跨物种传播 病毒重组 

分 类 号：S941[农业科学—水产养殖]