西南边疆环境史上官民互补环保机制研究——以清代云南二元环保模式为例  

A Study of the Complementary Environmental Protection Mechanism between the Government and the Civilians in the Environmental History of Southwest Frontier:A Case Study of the Dual Environmental Protection Model in Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：周琼 ZHOU Qiong(School of History and Culture,Minzu University of China,Beijing,100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081

出　　处：《史学集刊》2023年第2期4-22,共19页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国西南少数民族灾害文化数据库建设”(17ZDA158)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明清时期,边疆民族地区环境灾害的发生随着开发的深入日趋频繁,地方的环境保护逐渐形成了官方法制及民间法制共存互补的二元环保机制。官方推行的植树禁伐令等措施得到了各民族的认可,民族地区从自然崇拜及乡规民约、习惯法层面推行的生态联保措施也得到了官方支持,形成了官方与民间两种环保法制并存共进、相辅相成的模式,并在具体的生态管理实践中高度契合。官方认可并支持民间环保法制及其实施,民间环保法制依赖并弥补了官方法制的不足,从而使云南民族区域的生态环境长期保持了良性发展态势,彰显出边疆民族地区二元环保机制的现实资鉴价值。In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,environmental disasters in the border areas inhabited by ethnic minorities became more and more frequent with the deepening of development.In the local environmental protection,the dual protection mechanism of coexistence and complementarity between the official legal system and the folk legal system was gradually formed.Official measures such as tree planting and logging ban had been recognized by all ethnic groups,while ecological protection measures carried out in ethnic areas from the aspects of nature worship,village regulations and customary laws had been officially supported,forming a mode of coexistence and complementarity between official and non-governmental environmental protection laws,which was highly compatible in specific ecological management practices.The government recognized and supported the folk legal system and its implementation,the folk legal system relied on and made up for the deficiencies of the official legal system,which enabled the ecological environment in Yunnan ethnic areas to maintain a long-term sound development trend,highlighting the practical value of the dual environmental protection mechanism in border ethnic areas.

关 键 词：边疆环境史 清代 云南 二元环保机制 官方及民间并行模式 制度维度 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]