德意志帝国学界的“民族边疆”追求与跨国文化民族主义  

The Pursuit of “Ethnic Frontier” in the Academic Circles of The German Empire and Transnational Cultural Nationalism

作　　者：邢来顺[1] 刘剑枫 XING Lai-shun;LIU Jian-feng(School of History,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei,430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《史学集刊》2023年第2期45-59,共15页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“德国工业化和城市化进程中的乡村治理研究”(18ASS007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在近代欧洲民族主义的演进中,德国因其独特的历史条件,形成了一种漠视国家疆界,将有共同血缘、历史和文化的德意志民族共同体作为关注对象的文化民族主义。基于这种取向,德意志帝国学界出于对小德意志统一方案的不满和对“民族边疆”危机中的域外德意志同胞的关心,展开了“语言边疆”范式下的境外德语区域和德语岛研究,力图从学术层面确证它们的德意志归属,捍卫其德意志民族特性和文化,实现德意志民族疆域的最大化。德意志帝国学界的这种跨国性学术拓边,是对小德意志统一方案之缺憾的学术修正,也是对域外德意志同胞及其承载的德意志文化的一种文化民族主义关切,意在强化“民族边疆”的德意志属性。这种学术拓边对当时以及日后德国学界的民族主义发展产生了重要影响。In the evolution of modern European nationalism,because of its unique historical conditions,Germany formed a kind of cultural nationalism that ignored national boundaries and regarded the German national community with common blood,history and culture as the object of attention.Based on this orientation,out of dissatisfaction with the small German solution and concern for the German compatriots outside the territory in the crisis of the “Volksgrenze”,the academic circles of the German Empire launched the study of the German-speaking regions and German-speaking islands under the paradigm of “language frontier”,trying to academically confirm their German affiliation and defended their German national identity and culture,maximize the territory of the German people.This transnational academic border expansion of the academic circle of the German Empire was not only an academic revision to the shortcomings of the small German solution,but also an ethnic community-oriented transnational cultural nationalism concern for the extraterritorial German compatriots and the German culture,which aimed to strengthen the German attributes of the “ethnic frontier”.This academic frontier expansion had an important impact on the development of nationalism in German academic circles at that time and in the future.

关 键 词：德意志帝国 学术拓边 民族边疆 民族共同体 跨国文化民族主义 

分 类 号：D06[政治法律—政治学] D751.6