农作物秸秆木质纤维素生物降解酶及降解菌的研究进展  

Research Progress on Enzymes and Microorganisms for Biodegradation of Lignocelluloses from Crop Straw

作　　者：张根[1,2] 陈宝锐 陈涛 谢怡茵[3] 薛颖昊 魏政 ZHANG Gen;CHEN Baorui;CHEN Tao;XIE Yiyin;XUE Yinghao;WEI Zheng(School of Ecology and Environment,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,Anhui,China;Shenzhen GenProMetab Biotechnology Company Limited,Shenzhen 518100,Guangdong,China;Bioexploration Guangdong Company Limited,Foshan 528300,Guangdong,China;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Anhui Polytechnic University,Wuhu 241000,Anhui,China;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;China Association of Agricultural Science Societies,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学生态与环境学院,安徽芜湖241000 [2]深圳金普迈生物科技有限公司,广东深圳518100 [3]维塔探索(广东)科技有限公司,广东佛山528300 [4]安徽工程大学化学与环境工程学院,安徽芜湖241000 [5]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125 [6]中国农学会,北京100125

出　　处：《农学学报》2023年第2期24-32,共9页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部项目“国家现代农业产业技术体系资助”(CARS-12);农业农村部项目“农业生态环境保护专项”(2110402)。

摘　　要：作为农业副产品,农作物秸秆是一种重要的可再生资源。研究表明,农作物秸秆的主要成分是木质纤维素,而某些细菌和真菌生产的酶具有较好的生物化学性质,可用于木质纤维素的降解。本研究阐述了木质纤维素降解酶的种类和降解机理,综述了水稻秸秆、小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆的降解微生物种类。同时,本研究分析了当前单一菌株和复合菌系的在商业化利用上的不足,展望了未来的发展方向。本研究将为筛选新型优质木质纤维素降解菌和开发纤维素降解菌用于农业秸秆的资源化利用提供依据。As the byproduct of agricultural production, crop straw is an important renewable resource. Previous studies have shown that the main component of crop straw is lignocellulose. Some microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi can produce certain enzymes that are capable to degrade lignocellulose. The present study summarized the types and degradation mechanisms of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, and reviewed the reported microbial species which could degrade rice, wheat and corn straw. In addition, this study analyzed the shortcomings of the identified single microorganism strain and microbial complex for commercial application,and discussed the perspectives and directions of future research. The review will provide reference for screening novel high-quality lignocellulose degradation microorganisms and developing cellulose-degrading microorganisms for resource utilization of crop straw.

关 键 词：农作物秸秆 木质纤维素 微生物 降解 酶 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]