温度和赤霉素对春兰开花的调控  

Effect of temperature and gibberellin on flowering regulation of Cymbidium goeringii

作　　者：刘晓芬[1] 凌晓祺 向理理 余璐 沈宏 李方[1] LIU Xiaofen;LING Xiaoqi;XIANG Lili;YU Lu;SHEN Hong;LI Fang(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology,College of Agriculture&Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Yilan Plantation,Yangcunqiao Town,Jiande 311603,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,浙江省园艺植物整合生物学研究与应用重点实验室,浙江杭州310058 [2]建德市杨村桥镇艺澜种植场,浙江建德311603

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2023年第2期355-363,共9页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：浙江省重大科技专项农业项目(2007C12064);浙江省林木种苗与花卉产业技术创新战略联盟(2010LM202);浙江省重点科技创新团队自主设计项目(2011R50034-16);浙江省花卉新品种选育重大科技专项重点项目(2012C12909-10);浙江省博士后择优资助项目(ZJ2020144)。

摘　　要：为促成春兰在春节期间开花,以春兰盆花为材料,对其进行温度和外源赤霉素(GA 3)处理,分析处理对春兰开花率、形态指标与生理指标的影响。结果表明:春兰植株只有在接受适宜时长的低温春化后才能提前开花,低于5℃的有效低温时数以105~350 h为宜,过短过长均不利于其成花。促进花期提前、提高观赏性的最佳温度处理组合是对春兰先进行30 d自然低温处理,再置于17~20℃的玻璃温室培养30 d,春节前15 d开花率可达到78.57%,花葶高度达到12.64 cm。赤霉素促开花效果总体不如温度处理,促进春兰开花最佳赤霉素质量浓度为60~90 mg·L^(-1),对低温处理的春兰喷施适宜浓度的赤霉素可以放大低温处理的作用,进一步提高开花率。此外,生理指标测定发现,叶片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量与开花率有一定联系,随着开花率的升高,叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量总体呈下降趋势。筛选出的经济便捷的促成栽培方案对丰富春节年宵花市场具有重要的经济意义,同时也为春兰花期调控研究和春兰的规模化和工厂化生产打下良好的基础。In order to advance the flowering period of Cymbidium goeringii to the Spring Festival,C.goeringii was used as material,natural low-temperature and GA 3 treatments were carried out.The flowering rate,morphological indexes and physiological indexes of C.goeringii were analyzed.The results showed that the flowering period of C.goeringii could be advanced only after receiving appropriate low-temperature vernalization treatment.According to the results,the effective accumulative temperature hours below 5℃were 105-350 h,too short or too long was not conducive to flowering.The best treatment combination to promote flowering and improve the ornamental value was to conduct natural temperature treatment for 30 days and then cultured in a greenhouse with an average temperature of 17-20℃for 30 days,the flowering rate could reach to 78.57%on 15 days before Spring Festival and the flower stalk could reach to 12.64 cm during the Spring Festival.Effect of gibberellin on promoting flowering rate was not as good as low-temperature treatment.The best concentration of gibberellin was 60-90 mg·L^(-1).Appropriate gibberellin treatment could enhance the low-temperature treatment and further improved the flowering rate.In addition,the analysis of physiological indexes indicated that the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves were related to the flowering rate.Contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein were decreasing with the increase of flowering rate.This study screened an economical and convenient cultivation condition,which was of great economic significance to enrich the New Year s eve flower market,and also played a good foundation for the regulation and standardization of the flowering period of spring orchid.

关 键 词：春兰 花期调控 低温 赤霉素 开花率 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]