巴西劳工党的发展与变迁探析  

An Analysis of the Development and Transformation of the Brazilian Labor Party

作　　者：刘天来 Liu Tianlai(Institute of Latin America,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所,北京100007

出　　处：《衡阳师范学院学报》2023年第1期113-122,共10页Journal of Hengyang Normal University

基　　金：中国社会科学院马克思主义理论学科建设与理论研究工程重大项目“百年未有之大变局中的左翼政党与拉美社会主义运动”(2020MGCZD003)。

摘　　要：截至2021年,巴西劳工党已经走过了40年的历程。劳工党的指导思想是包容性强、一直处于动态发展过程中的劳工社会主义,其内涵在建党之初、1994年输掉总统大选、2002年卢拉当选总统以及2016年罗塞夫被弹劾下台时发生了四次转变。在发展过程中,劳工党建立了核心小组、两阶段代表会议、多数联盟等基本组织。劳工党人竞选上公共职位、卢拉当选总统、罗塞夫被弹劾下台、工会的变化等都对劳工党的组织基础带来了深远的影响。执政时的劳工党以“实现社会公正,推动经济发展”为目标,着力将资源向下层民众倾斜,有序承袭并调整上任政府的经济政策。劳工党失去执政地位后,政策主张有所改变,包括强调本党立党根基与过去的政绩、塑造受害者形象占据道德制高点、攻击现政府的政策、精心策划竞选以谋求再次执政等。劳工党40年的发展与变迁,基本印证了政治学理论的分析。腐败问题是影响巴西劳工党发展的核心问题,对其产生了极为消极的影响,但劳工党的未来依然可期可待。By 2021, the Brazilian Labor Party has gone through 40 years. The guiding ideology of the Labour Party is labour socialism that is inclusive and has always been in a dynamic development process. The connotation of the labour socialism has changed four times: at the beginning of the party’s founding, when Labour Party lost the presidential election in 1994, when Lula was elected president in 2002, and when Rousseff was impeached in 2016. In the process of development, the Labor Party has established basic organizations such as the core group, the two-stage representative conference, and the majority coalition. The election of Labour Party members for public officials, Lula’s election as president, Rousseff’s impeachment, and changes in trade unions have all had a profound impact on the organizational foundation of the Labour Party. During the period in power, the Labor Party aimed at "realizing social justice and promoting economic development", focusing on tilting resources to the lower-level people, and orderly inheriting and adjusting the economic policies of the previous government. After the Labor Party lost its ruling position, its policy propositions changed, including em-phasizing the party’s foundation and past political achievements, shaping the image of victims to occupy the moral high ground, attacking the current government’s policies, and carefully planning elections to seek power again. Throughout the 40 years of development and changes of the Labour Party, it basically confirms the analysis of political theory. Corruption is the core issue affecting the development of the Brazilian Labor Party, which has had a very negative impact, but the future of the Labor Party can still be expected.

关 键 词：巴西 劳工党 发展 变迁 

分 类 号：K775.3[历史地理—历史学]