月面采样返回探测器推进系统设计与实现  

Design and Implementation of Propulsion System for Lunar Sampling and Return Probe

作　　者：洪鑫 章玉华 魏彦祥 赵京 任建军 戴德海 HONG Xin;ZHANG Yuhua;WEI Yanxiang;ZHAO Jing;REN Jianjun;DAI Dehai(Shanghai Institute of Space Propulsion,Shanghai 201112,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Space Engine,Shanghai 201112,China)

机构地区：[1]上海空间推进研究所,上海201112 [2]上海空间发动机工程技术研究中心,上海201112

出　　处：《上海航天（中英文）》2022年第6期1-11,共11页Aerospace Shanghai（Chinese&English）

基　　金：国家中长期科技发展规划重大专项。

摘　　要：嫦娥五号探测器承担了我国首次地外天体采样返回任务,其飞行过程复杂,经历地月飞行、近月制动、环月变轨、月面软着陆、月面上升、月轨交会对接、月地入射等一系列过程,且工作环境较为恶劣,对推进系统技术要求高。探测器采用了氦气增压双组元统一推进系统技术,在以往技术基础上,通过系统轻质化设计、研发新型高强度纤维复合材料气瓶、优化贮箱结构设计及采用更高强度的材料、更轻巧的姿控发动机设计等技术大幅度减轻了分系统干重,通过提升主发动机燃烧效率、提升贮箱排放效率及控制膜片压差、采用贮箱间连通管、精确控制管路流阻等技术提升了分系统性能,通过强化系统可靠性设计、面向高温环境的系统状态管理、研发耐高温发动机、在轨超压自主故障检测与控制、零夹气新型加注技术等手段增强了分系统可靠性。阐述了推进系统的研制过程、设计方案、技术特点、关键技术攻关情况,以及在轨飞行结果,并总结了推进技术创新点。The first mission of sampling and return from an extraterrestrial object in China was undertaken by Chang’e-5 probe. It has a series of complicated flight processes,including earth-to-moon transfer,braking into lunar orbit,lunar orbit transfer,lunar soft landing,lunar lift-off,lunar orbit rendezvous and docking,and moon-to-earth transfer, and undergoes severe environments. Therefore, high technical requirements were put forward to the propulsion system. A regulated helium pressurized unified bipropellant propulsion system was adopted to fulfill the mission. Based on conventional technologies,the dry mass of subsystem was reduced significantly by lighter systematic design,development of higher strength fiber wrapped helium tank,optimization of propellant tank structure and adoption of more strength material,and more lighter thrusters. The performance was enhanced by improvement of main engine combustion efficiency and tank discharge efficiency,more precise pressure drop of tank diaphragm,adoption of across link pipe between the parallel tanks,and more precise flow resistant of pipes. The reliability was strengthened by intensification of subsystem reliability design,system state management aimed at high temperature environment,development of high temperature resistant thruster,on orbit autonomic over-pressure diagnosis and adjustment,and new fueling technology without gas mingle. In this paper,the development processes,schemes,technical features,breakthroughs of key technologies,and flight performance of the propulsion system are described,and the innovation points of the propulsion system are summarized.

关 键 词：推进系统 深空探测 月球探测器 嫦娥五号 双组元推进 

分 类 号：V434[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]