经典名方中高良姜的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：孙园园 冯剑 魏建和[1,2] 詹志来 刘洋洋[1] SUN Yuanyuan;FENG Jian;WEI Jianhe;ZHAN Zhilai;LIU Yangyang(Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine,Hainan Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Haikou 57031l,China;Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China;National Resource Centerfor Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院&北京协和医学院、药用植物研究所、海南分所、海南省南药资源保护与开发重点实验室,海口570311 [2]中国医学科学院&北京协和医学院、药用植物研究所、中草药物质基础与资源利用教育部重点实验室,濒危药材繁育国家工程实验室,北京100193 [3]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2023年第5期94-103,共10页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-1-I2M-032);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医书并结合近现代文献资料,笔者对高良姜的名称、基原、学名沿革、产地、品质、采收加工和炮制等方面进行了系统考证。经考证可知,高良姜始载于《名医别录》,历代均以“高良姜”为正名;高良姜历代所用主流基原为姜科山姜属植物高良姜Alpinia officinarum,沿用至今,同属植物大高良姜A. galanga因名称和形态相近而经常混用;古代推崇儋州、雷州所产为佳,奉为道地,现主产于广东、广西、海南等地;近代以来总结其传统性状评价以红棕色、粗壮坚实、皮皱肉凸、味香辣、分枝少者为佳;古时高良姜多于二月、三月采收,现栽培品一般夏末秋初采收,野生品则在五月雨季前采收。历代炮制方法主要为净制和切制,尚有清炒或同辅料拌炒等。基于考证结果,建议开发含高良姜的古代经典名方时,采用姜科山姜属植物高良姜A. officinarum的根茎,净切后生品入药或根据处方炮制要求处理后入药。By reviewing ancient materia medica, medical books and modern literature, this paper conducted a systematic research on name, origin, scientific name evolution, producing area, quality, harvesting and processing methods of Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma. The results showed that Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma was first published in Mingyi Bielu, and its correct name was Gaoliangjiang. The mainstream origin of Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma used in the past dynasties is Alpinia officinarum, which is used to this day, while it used to be mixed with A. galanga because of the similar name and morphology. Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma produced in Danzhou and Leizhou was considered to be better in ancient times, and now it mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces. In addition, it has been concluded that Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma with reddish brown, sturdy and firm character, wrinkled skin, convex flesh, aromatic and spicy taste, and few branches is the best. In ancient times, Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma was commonly harvested in February and March, whereas it generally harvested in late summer or early autumn at present, and wild products are usually harvested before the rainy season in May. The main processing methods of Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma are cleansing and cutting, and some other methods are stir-frying or mixing with auxiliary materials. Based on the research results, it is suggested that the raw products of A. officinarum rhizomes or its processed products according to prescription requirements should be used in the development of famous classical formulas containing Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma.

关 键 词：高良姜 本草考证 经典名方 学名沿革 产地 品质评价 中药炮制 

分 类 号：R289[医药卫生—方剂学] R931[医药卫生—中药学] R28[医药卫生—中医学] G254[文化科学—图书馆学]