青海省蚕豆田杂草危害调查分析  

Survey and Analysis of Weed Harm in Broad Bean Field of Qinghai Province

作　　者：侯璐[1] 翁华[1] 魏有海[1] 郭良芝[1] HOU Lu;WENG Hua;WEI Youhai;GUO Liangzhi(Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Qinghai University,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,青海省农林科学院,青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第4期643-656,共14页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：青海省科技厅重点与成果转化项目(2019-NK-114);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划。

摘　　要：为了解青海省蚕豆田杂草发生种类及危害情况,采用5级草害目测法对青海省蚕豆田间杂草进行了调查,统计杂草发生频率、草害指数等结果并进行分析.结果发现,青海省蚕豆田发生杂草73种,隶属22个科,优势杂草群落组成为藜(Chenopodium album L.)+苣荬菜(Sonchus wightianus DC.)+苦苣菜(Sonchus oleraceus L.)+大刺儿菜(Cirsium setosum(Willd.)MB)+繁缕(Stellaria media(Linn.)Cyr.);其中浅山地区蚕豆田发生杂草47种,隶属19个科,优势杂草群落组成为苣荬菜(Sonchius wightianus DC.)+藜(Chenop-odium album L.)+田旋花(Convolvulus arvensis L.)+苦苣菜(Sonchus oleraceus L.);高位山旱地蚕豆田发生杂草63种,隶属21个科,优势杂草群落组成为藜(Chienopodium album L.)+苣荬菜(Sonchus wightianus DC.)+繁缕(Stellaria media(Linn.)Cyr.)+大刺儿菜(Cirsium setosum(Willd.)MB)+猪殃殃(Galium aparine L.);共和盆地的灌溉农业区蚕豆田发生杂草42种,隶属19个科,优势杂草群落组成为苣荬菜(Son-chus wightianus DC.)+藜(Chenopodium album L.)+苦苣菜(Sonchus oleraceus L.)+扁蓄(Polygonum aviculare L.)+野燕麦(Avena fatua L.)+自生油菜(Brassica campestris L.)+野芥菜(Brassica juncea(L)Czern et).苣荬菜(Sonchus wightianus DC.)和藜(Chenopodium album L.)在3个生态区都为优势杂草,苦苣菜(Sonchus oleraceus L.)在浅山地区和共和盆地的灌溉农业区均为优势杂草.对主要杂草调查结果的主成分分析结果表明,大部分杂草聚在了一类,少数杂草为分布比较分散但PC1值比较大的第二类,在这类杂草有赖草(Aneurolepidium dasystachys)、藜(Chenopodium album L.)和苣荬菜(Sonchus wightianus DC.),其中浅山地区有田旋花(Convolvulus arvensis L.)、苣荬菜(Sonchius wightianus DC.)、苦苣菜(Sonchus olera-ceus L.)、藜(Chenopodium album L.)和赖草(Aneurolepidium dasystachys),高位山旱地有苣荬菜(Sonchus wightianus DC.)、猪殃殃(Galium a parine L.)、大刺儿菜(Cirsium setosum(Willd.)MB)、藜(Chenopodium albuIn order to understand the species and weed harm in broad bean fields of Qinghai,5-level weed hazard visual method was used in this study to conduct a survey of weeds in broad bean fields of three ecological zones,The weed frequency and weed damage index were surveyed and analyzed.The results showed that 73 kinds of weeds belonging to 22 families were found in broad bean fields of Qinghai province,the weed community group was"Chenopodium album L.+Sonchus wightianus DC.+Sonchus oleraceus L.+Cirsium setosum(Willd.)MB+Stellaria media(Linn.)Cyr";47 kinds of weeds belonging to 19 families were found in broad bean fields of shallow mountain area,the weed community group was“Sonchus wightianus DC.+Chenopodiumn album L.+Convolvulus ar-vensis L.+Sonchus oleraceus L.”;63 kinds of weeds belonging to 21 families were found in broad bean fields of high mountains dry land,they are"Chenopodium album L.+Sonchus wightianus DC.+Stellaria media(Linn.)Cyr+Cirsium setosum(Willd.)MB+Galium aparine L";And 42 kinds of weeds belonging to 19 families were found in broad bean fields of irrigated agricultural area in Gonghe basin,they are“Sonchus wightianus DC.+Chenopodium album L.+Sonchus oleraceus L..+Polygonumn aviculare L.+Avena falua L.+Brassica cam pestris L.+Brassica juncea(L)Czern et”.Sonchus wightianus DC.and Chenopodium album L.were dominant weeds in all three ec-ological zones.but Sonchus oleraceus L.was dominant weed in both shallow mountain and irrigated agricultural area in Gonghe basin.The principal component analysis on main weeds data showed that main weeds gathered in one group.and the rest weeds including Aneurolepidiumn dasystachys,Che-no podium albumn L.and Sonchus wightianus DC formed the second group with scattered distribution,with large PC1 value.In addition,Convolvulus arvensis L.,Sonchus wightianus DC.,Sonchus oler-aceus L.,Chenopodium album L.and Aneurole pidium dlasystachys were found in shallow mountain area and Sonchus wightianus DC.,Galium aparine L.,Cirsium setosum(Willd.)MB.Chenopodi-um album L.,Ste

关 键 词：青海省蚕豆田 杂草群落 生态区 生态位 

分 类 号：S451.223[农业科学—植物保护]