小麦条锈菌ZS有性与无性菌系毒性差异初步分析  

Analysis of Virulent Difference of Sexual and Asexual ZS type of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici

作　　者：贾秋珍[1,2,3] 曹世勤 张勃 孙振宇[1,2,3] 王万军[5] 黄瑾 骆惠生[1,2,3] 李青青 JIA Qiuzhen;CAO Shiqin;ZHANG Bo;SUN Zhenyu;WANG Wanjun;HUANG Jin;LUO Huisheng;LI Qingqing(Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Tianshui,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,Gangu Gansu 741200,China;National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection at Gangu,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,Gangu Gansu 741200,China;Wheat Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Green Agronomic Centre,Tianshui Agricultural Sciences,Gangu Gansu 741200,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]农业农村部天水作物有害生物野外科学观测实验站,甘肃甘谷741200 [3]农业农村部国家植物保护甘谷观测实验站,甘肃甘谷741200 [4]甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [5]天水市农业科学研究所绿色农业研究中心,甘肃甘谷741200

出　　处：《寒旱农业科学》2023年第1期74-77,共4页Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1401001);国家自然科学基金(31860484);甘肃省农业科学院生物育种专项(2022GAAS06);金城科普专家项目。

摘　　要：小麦条锈病是小麦生产上最主要的病害,条锈菌毒性不断变异是造成小麦条锈病频繁发生和小麦品种抗病性丧失的主要原因。对小麦条锈菌新菌系开展品种抗病性评价,并探明条锈菌有性菌系、无性菌系间的毒性差异,为科学、超前指导小麦抗病育种和抗病品种的合理布局应用提供技术支撑。2017—2021年从454个小麦条锈菌有性菌系和1728个无性菌系中,获得ZS有性菌系35个和无性菌系167个,占比分别为7.71%和9.66%;其中已归类ZS-1、ZS-18、ZS-52类型中有有性菌系14个、无性菌系72个,占比分别为3.08%和4.17%。2022年选择ZS有性与无性菌系重要类型混合菌,对76个甘肃省内小麦生产品种进行苗期、成株期接种鉴定,结果发现,有性ZS菌系与无性ZS菌系对供试小麦品种苗期致病力分别为97.37%、92.11%,相对寄生适合度分别为0.3530、0.2487;成株期致病力分别为72.37%、71.05%,相对寄生适合度分别为0.3627、0.1840。表明有性菌系致病性和寄生适合度均高于无性菌系。建议在陇南越夏区,及早调整小麦抗病育种目标,以持续控制条锈病的发生流行,保障粮食安全。Wheat stripe rust is a major disease in wheat production,the continuous variation of stripe rust virulence is the main reason for the frequent occurrence of wheat stripe rust and the loss of resistance in wheat varieties.Analysis of virulent difference of sexual and asexual types of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici is the foundation of disease-resistance breeding in wheat.454 sexual isolates and 1728 asexual isolates of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)were collected during 2017 to 2021.35 single sexual isolates and 167 asexual isolates were obtained of ZS Pst,which accounted for 7.71%of sexual isolates and 9.66%of asexual isolates,respectively.The major known types included ZS-1,ZS-18 and ZS-52 with 14 sexual isolates and 72 asexual isolates included,which accounted for 3.08%of sexual isolates and 4.17%of asexual isolates,respectively.In 2022,inoculation of typical sexual isolates and asexual mixed isolates of ZS Pst to 76 commercial wheat varieties of Gansu Province at seedling and adult stages was conducted.The results showed that the pathogenicity was 97.37%and 92.11%at seedling stage,and was 72.37%and 71.05%at adult stage for sexual isolates and asexual isolates of ZS Pst,respectively.The relative parasitic fitness was 0.3530 and 0.2487 at seedling stage,and was 0.3627 and 0.1840 at adult stage for sexual isolates and asexual isolates of ZS Pst,respectively.The value of pathogenicity and relative parasitic fitness of sexual isolates of ZS were higher than those in asexual isolates of ZS.Therefore,adjusting the target in wheat breeding in Longnan over-summering area of Pst ought to be encouraged to ensure the safety of wheat production in Gansu and China in the future.

关 键 词：小麦条锈菌 ZS有性菌系 ZS无性菌系 致病性 寄生适合度 

分 类 号：S435.121.42[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]