核战预警:苏联托茨克军演  

Nuclear War Warning: Soviet Totsk Military Exercise

作　　者：张广翔[1] 赵万鑫 ZHANG Guangxiang;ZHAO Wanxin

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,长春130015

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2023年第1期60-69,127,共11页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“苏联核计划档案文献资料翻译整理研究”(15ZDB064)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：冷战初期,苏联虽然打破了美国的核垄断,但美苏核力量依然悬殊。1953年,美国开始推行“大规模报复”战略,大力发展核武器及其运载工具,苏联也抓紧研制核武器。同时,苏联从1954年开始组织实战演习,训练部队使用核武器的实战能力,其中托茨克军演最为典型。演习历时一天,使用了一颗4万吨TNT当量原子弹、两枚2~4万吨TNT当量原子弹,参演部队在核打击下进行战术进攻和防御,以验证核武器在实战中的效果。托茨克军演预警了核战争的风险。At the beginning of the Cold War, although the Soviet Union broke the nuclear monopoly of the United States, the nuclear power of them remained far apart. In 1953, the United States began to pursue a strategy of massive retaliation and vigorously developed nuclear weapons and their means of delivery, and the Soviet Union also made great efforts to develop nuclear weapons. At the same time, the Soviet Union began to organize combat exercises in 1954 to train the actual combat capability of the troops to use nuclear weapons, of which the military exercise in Totsk was the most typical. The exercise lasted one day and used one 40, 000 ton TNT equivalent atomic bomb and two 20, 000 to 40, 000 ton TNT equivalent atomic bombs. The participating troops conducted tactical offensive and defense under nuclear attack to verify the effect of nuclear weapons in actual combat. The Totsk military exercise warned of the risk of nuclear war.

关 键 词：核武器 核战争 美国 苏联 俄罗斯 

分 类 号：E512[军事—军事理论] E712