一战期间英国出版审查与联合报业战事报道  

The British Censorship and War Reporting of The Associated Newspaper in WWI

作　　者：刘英奇 LIU Yingqi

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院,天津300387

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2023年第1期70-83,128,共15页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：2018年国家社会科学基金项目“20世纪英国对外宣传策略研究”(18BSS042)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：一战爆发后,英国通过立法实行新闻管制,由军方和新闻局实施出版审查制度,军方对记者采访前线战事进行严格限制。诺斯克利夫的联合报业以各种办法报道实际战况,揭露“炮弹危机”、征兵制度落后和加里波利战役失败,批评自由党政府组织战时工作不力,质疑陆军大臣基钦纳的战争领导能力,最终导致首相阿斯奎斯下台。劳合·乔治上台后提高了政府决策效率和执行能力,改变了英国在战争中的被动状态。联合报业在战时坚持新闻独立,发挥媒体的监督职责,是英国取得战争胜利的因素之一。After the outbreak of the First World War, the British Parliament passed the law of censorship, which was implemented by the Press Bureau and Military Officers. The military imposed strict restrictions on reporters’ coverage of front-line battles. The Associated Newspaper led by Lord Northcliffe tried every method to approach the truth in the battlefield. Through exposing the “shell crisis”, ineffectiveness of conscription system and the failure of the Gallipoli Campaign, the public questioned the Liberal Cabinet’s poor organization of the war and Lord Kitchener’s leadership, which finally led to the collapse of the Asquith government. After Lloyd George took office, he improved the government’s decision-making efficiency and executive capacity, and changed the Britain’s passive state in the war. The Associated Newspaper insisted on the independence of the press and played the role of media supervision, which was one of the factors for Britain to achieve victory in the war.

关 键 词：诺斯克利夫 每日邮报 泰晤士报 出版审查 炮弹危机 

分 类 号：K561.44[历史地理—历史学] G219.561[历史地理—世界史]