共享经济统计实践面临的局限性与改进思路  

The Limitations of Sharing Economy Statistics Practice and Improvement Ideas

作　　者：向书坚 孔晓瑞 李凯 XIANG Shu-jian;KONG Xiao-rui;LI Kai(School of Statistics and Mathematics,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Statistical Data Engineering TechnologyApplication,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China;School of Mathematical Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学统计与数学学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]浙江工商大学统计数据工程技术与应用协同创新中心,浙江杭州310018 [3]贵州师范大学数学科学学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《统计与信息论坛》2023年第3期16-29,共14页Journal of Statistics and Information

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“分享经济核算理论、方法与应用研究”(17ZDA089);国家社会科学基金一般项目“数据资产核算研究”(20BTJ004);国家社会科学基金青年项目“知识分享经济统计核算研究”(19CTJ004);浙江省重点建设高校优势特色学科(浙江工商大学统计学)资助。

摘　　要：共享经济是一种社会闲置资源再配置的新商业模式,其相关统计工作面临诸如“统计分类难以识别统计对象、统计抽样遗漏交易活动、统计数据难以采集”等挑战。对此,通过梳理国内外关于共享经济统计的实践经验及共性问题,对中国共享经济统计中的统计对象、统计指标和调查方法三个方面提出了改进思路。进一步,根据中国统计现代化建设的发展趋势,在数字化技术对统计数据质量的影响机制基础上,构建了一套以区块链为技术核心的共享经济统计数据互联生态体系,用于启发解决新产业、新业态、新商业模式(简称“三新”)统计数据的质量问题。研究发现:一是现阶段的共享经济具有规模化发展特征,这导致了社会对其认知尚未达成共识;二是现行统计分类标准主要以一般经济活动为设计对象,较难识别居民个人和小微企业创新的闲置资源共享活动;三是共享经济范围不明确时,简单的统计指标无法有效地将共享经济与其他经济活动的统计数据进行区分和剥离;四是低频的统计抽样方式会遗漏共享经济平台化的高频交易。为解决共享经济的统计问题,提出三点建议:一是开展专项调查建立共享经济的企业调查名录,以此明确统计对象;二是针对互联网平台交易特征,利用大数据抽样技术扩展统计调查手段,用于捕获共享交易活动;三是利用区块链技术构建共享经济统计框架提高统计数据的质量。In the process of China’s high-quality economic development,the sharing economy,a new business model that is driven by the innovation of information technology,allows reconfiguring underused social resources and it plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of China’s economy.However,the sharing economy statistics encounters several challenges,such as the trouble in identifying statistical objects and the easiness of overlooking along with the hardness of data collection.These problems will not only affect the smooth implementation of relevant policies on promoting the healthy development of the sharing economy,but also continuously hinder the process of the modernization reform of statistics.Therefore,some common problems and practical experiences of sharing economy statistics home and abroad are analyzed.Improvement ideas from the perspectives of statistical indicators,survey questions,and sampling methods are proposed with respect to the content of the sharing economy in China’s statistical system.Furthermore,the impact of digital information technology on statistical data management of data generation,data collection,data organizer,and data application are discussed.On the basis,a framework of the sharing economy statistical data interconnection ecosystem is developed based on blockchain technology.It is used to solve the problems of statistical data management in new industries,new forms of industries,and new business models(“Three new”)economies.The findings are as follows:Although statistical institutions home and abroad have carried out statistical investigations on the sharing economy,the rapid development of the sharing economy has led to the characteristics of rapid changes in the sharing activities,which leads to the cognitive deviation of the sharing economy in the statistical investigations;Due to the current statistical classification being designed for traditional industries,it is not able to effectively identify the sharing economy activities between individual residents and sm

关 键 词：共享经济 统计实践 “三新”统计 数据质量 区块链技术 

分 类 号：F222.33[经济管理—国民经济]