单户与联户经营对高寒草甸土壤理化性质与植物多样性的影响  

Effects of Single-household and Multi-household Management on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Plant Diversity in Alpine Meadow

作　　者：尹凤玲 刘旻霞[1] 刘成 王明星 席可 YIN Fengling;LIU Minxia;LIU Cheng;WANG Mingxing;XI Ke(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《植物研究》2023年第2期261-271,共11页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760135);甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR10RA089);甘肃省林业和草原科技创新项目(KJCX2021005)。

摘　　要：在甘南高寒草甸单户经营草场与联户经营草场进行野外群落学调查,分析其物种多样性和功能多样性的变化,以揭示不同经营方式下土壤理化性质对植物多样性的影响机制。结果显示:(1)联户草场内植物群落的Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Winener指数较大,而Pielou指数在不同放牧经营方式下的差异并不显著。(2)不同经营方式下,土壤含水量、土壤全氮、土壤全磷和土壤有机碳质量分数表现为联户大于单户的趋势且差异显著(P<0.05);单户草场土壤电导率与土壤pH大于联户草场;随着土层的加深土壤含水量、土壤全氮质量分数、土壤全磷质量分数、土壤有机碳质量分数和土壤电导率增加,而土壤pH在土层之间的差异并不显著。(3)联户经营方式下的功能丰富度、功能均匀度与功能离散度显著大于单户草场(P<0.05)。(4)相关性分析表明,植物群落物种多样性和功能多样性与土壤含水量、土壤全氮质量分数和土壤全磷质量分数存在正相关关系,土壤电导率和土壤pH与植物群落物种多样性和功能多样性存在负相关关系。冗余分析表明,联户经营方式下土壤理化性质对植物多样性的影响更显著,且0<h≤10 cm土层土壤理化性质与植物多样性的相关性更高。单户经营方式下,土壤全氮和土壤有机碳是植物多样性的显著影响因子,联户经营方式下,土壤全氮和土壤全磷是植物多样性的显著影响因子。Grassland biodiversity played an important role in grassland ecosystem stability.In order to reveal the influence mechanism of soil physical and chemical properties on plant diversity of different management methods in grassland,and clarify the changes of species diversity and functional diversity,and the sample plots in the single-household management pasture(SMP)and multi-household management pasture(MMP)of plant community in Alpine Meadow of Gannan were surveyed respectively.The results indicated that:(1)The Margalef index,Simpson index,and Shannon-Winener index of the plant communities under MMP were significantly higher than those under SMP,while the Pielou index was not significantly different under different grazing management methods.(2)Under different management methods,the soil water content,the soil total nitrogen and the soil total phosphorus under MMP were significantly higher than those under SMP(P<0.05)respectively;the soil conductivity and soil pH under SMP were higher than those under MMP;with the deepening of soil layer,the soil water content,the soil total phosphorus,the soil total nitrogen,the soil organic carbon,and the soil conductivity were higher respectively,however the soil pH had no significant difference in the different soil layer.(3)The functional richness,functional evenness index,and functional dispersion under MMP were higher than those under SMP respectively,and the difference between SMP and MMP were significant(P<0.05).(4)The correlation analysis showed that:the plant species diversity and functional diversity were significantly positively correlated with the soil water content,the soil total nitrogen,and the soil phosphorus,the soil conductivity and soil pH were significantly negatively correlated with plant species diversity and functional diversity.The redundancy analysis showed that:the effect of soil physicochemical properties on plant diversity was more significant under MMP,and the correlation between soil physicochemical properties and plant diversity were higher at the

关 键 词：功能多样性 放牧经营方式 土壤理化性质 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q938.13[生物学—微生物学]