否定义“什么”的语法问题  

On the Grammar of the Negative Expression Shenme(什么)in Chinese

作　　者：邓思颖[1] TANG Sze-Wing

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学中国语言及文学系,中国香港999077

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2022年第2期31-57,共27页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：香港特别行政区研究资助局优配研究金(General Research Fund,GRF)题为“Sentence-Final Particles in Cantonese Interrogatives:An Interface Study”研究计划(编号:14621719)的部分资助。

摘　　要：本文从词法和句法两个层面,探讨汉语否定义“什么”的语法特点。从生成语法学的角度,提出词缀说,认为否定义“什么”应该分析为词缀。在词法里,以添加词缀的方式,黏附在词干之上,形成附加式合成词,有别于动词移位说的主张。在句法里,由否定义“什么”形成的合成词用作谓语,组成一个“不完整”的句子,尤其是含有一个“有缺陷”的屈折层次。词缀说的提出不仅加深了对否定义“什么”的认识,也可以借此让我们继续探索跟否定义相关的词法句法现象,思考词库与句法之间的互动关系。The grammatical properties of the negative expression shenme‘what'in Mandarin Chinese,also known as a non-canonical wh-word,are reviewed and examined at the morphological level and at the syntactic level.From a perspective of generative grammar,it is argued in this paper that the negative expression shenme should be analyzed as an affix,which is attached to the stem in the process of affixation in the morphology,forming a derivational compound,contrary to the verb movement approach.In the syntactic component,the compound with the negative expression shenme functions as a predicate,forming an"incomplete"sentence,especially containing a"defective"inflectional layer.The affixation analysis of the negative expression shenme not only deepens the understanding of the negative expression shenme,but also allows us to continue to explore the morphological and syntactic features related to the negation in natural languages and to further explore the interactive relationship between thelexicon and the syntactic component.

关 键 词：什么 非典型疑问词 词缀 否定义 生成语法学 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]