分权视野下的旅游城市:从空间失衡走向均衡发展  

Tourism cities in the decentralized perspective:From spatial imbalance to equilibrium development

作　　者：虞虎[1] Yu Hu(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国生态旅游》2022年第6期1021-1037,共17页Journal of Chinese Ecotourism

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(41701164)。

摘　　要：分权化带来的要素资本的非均衡投入和路径依赖,影响着现阶段中国旅游城市的可持续发展,尤其在三亚市等较为成熟的旅游城市表现尤为明显。本研究从分权化的视角剖析了旅游城市化进程中空间失衡发展的机制和表现,提出促进旅游城市均衡发展的优化措施,并以三亚市为例进行实证分析。研究发现:条块结构下的行政分权和地方政府竞争,诱导了旅游城市不同功能空间的要素布局,带来利益主体获利机会缺位和旅游经济效益分配不均,从而导致旅游城市空间失衡局面的产生。实现均衡发展需要综合考虑多方利益诉求,重构旅游城市要素投入结构,优化旅游城市政府管理组织、地域功能空间和产业空间。三亚市旅游城市发展经历了行政分权、城市增权、功能强权、赋权创新4个阶段,分权化不断引导三亚城市发展从空间失衡累积转向为均衡消解,其中,引导城市-乡村-生态地域空间分类发展的制度建设,建立自上而下分权化与市场化的纵横联系增益、自下而上产业联系和社区参与的价值共创共享,并通过多元机制促进融合-协同-创新的新路径尤为重要。本研究成果为认识和理解中国旅游城市化进程中出现的空间分化问题提供了新视角。The unbalanced input of capital and path development dependence brought by decentralization have affected the sustainable development of Chinese tourism cities at the current stage, especially in some more mature tourism cities like Sanya. This paper analyzes the mechanism and performance of spatial imbalance development in the process of tourism urbanization from the perspective of decentralization, proposes optimization measures to promote the development of tourism cities, and conducts an empirical analysis. It is found that the administrative decentralization and local government competition under the block structure induce the distribution of elements in different functional spaces of tourism cities, leading in the lack of profit opportunities for interest subjects and uneven distribution of tourism economic benefits, thus resulting in the creation of spatial imbalance in tourism cities. To achieve balanced development, it is necessary to consider multiple interests, reconstruct the element-input structure of tourism city,and optimize the governmental management organization, regional functional space and industrial space of tourism city. The development of Sanya as a tourism city has gone through four stages:administrative decentralization, urban empowerment, functional empowerment, and empowerment innovation. Decentralization has continuously guided the development of Sanya City from spatial unbalanced accumulation to balanced dissolution, including the institutional construction that guides the development of urban-rural-ecological regional spatial classification, the establishment of top-down decentralization and market-based vertical and horizontal linkage, bottom-up industrial linkage and community participation in value co-creation. It is particularly important to establish a new path of integration, synergy, innovation through the nurturing of multiple mechanisms. The results of this paper provide a new perspective for recognizing and understanding the spatial differentiation that occurs in the proce

关 键 词：分权化 权益网络 空间失衡 均衡发展 旅游城市化 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]