汉魏六朝文学批评的性质和特征  

The Nature and Characteristics of Literary Criticism in the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties

作　　者：傅刚[1] FU Gang

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100091

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期1-10,123,共11页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“《春秋左传》校注及研究”(项目编号:15ZDB071)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文认为,汉魏六朝文学批评性质应该在前后期的比较中考察才能得以确定。总体而言,先秦文献所论有关文章写作的意见,绝不可等同于后世的文学批评,实际只是在社会进化过程中,关注文事的人对写作在社会活动中起到的作用有越来越深刻的认识。在先秦时期,文章写作作用的认识,就是文学观念的萌芽和发展期,所以这一时期的批评只能用文章写作的论述来概括。自战国策士至秦汉,尤其是西汉,“文人的写作”开始产生,而西汉的文学批评,就与先秦有了本质上的区别。西汉人的文章写作活动以及对文章写作价值的认识,都在为文学的自觉作准备。若从汉魏六朝大范围论,都可以概括为“文学自觉时期写作的批评”,随着魏晋以后文学一科的独立和成熟,文艺性文体日渐成为文人主要表达情感的文体,文学批评也因此而走向成熟,批评的系统化、理论化达到了中国古代文学批评的高峰。The opinions on article writing discussed in the pre-Qin literature cannot be equated with the literary criticism of later generations.In fact,it is just that in the process of social evolution people who pay attention to literary matters obtain a growing understanding of the role of writing in social activities.In the pre-Qin period,the understanding of the role of article writing is going through the budding and developing period of literary concepts,so criticism in this period can only be summarized by the discussion.From the Warring States strategists to the Qin and Han Dynasties,especially the Western Han Dynasty, "literati writing" began to emerge,and the literary criticism of the Western Han Dynasty was fundamentally different from the pre-Qin Dynasty.The article writing activities of the Western Han people and their understanding of the value of article writing are preparing for the self-consciousness of literature.From the perspective of the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties,it can be summarized as "the criticism of writing in the period of literary self-consciousness".With the growing independence and maturity of literature after the Wei and Jin Dynasties,literary and artistic style has gradually become the main style of expression of emotion by scholars,and literary criticism has thus become mature,and the system and theory of criticism has reached the peak of ancient Chinese literary criticism.

关 键 词：汉魏六朝 文学批评 文学自觉 文人身份 文艺性 

分 类 号：I206.09[文学—中国文学]