基于运动捕捉的持刀砍击距离和砍击所需空间的特征分析  

Characteristics of the Distance and Space Required for Knife Slashing Using a Motion Capture System

作　　者：袁书芳 李上校 杨超朋 倪彬 郭文霞 石屹 王冬梅[3] 潘嘉慧 王明直 郝卫亚[1] YUAN Shu-fang;LI Shang-xiao;YANG Chao-peng;NI Bin;GUO Wen-xia;SHI Yi;WANG Dong-mei;PAN Jia-hui;WANG Ming-zhi;HAO Wei-ya(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Pub-lic Security,Beijing 100038,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Univer-sity of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]公安部鉴定中心,北京100038 [3]北京体育大学,北京100084 [4]北京化工大学,北京100029

出　　处：《法医学杂志》2022年第6期702-708,共7页Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFC080380205)。

摘　　要：目的探究作案人性别、被害人体位、砍击部位及人体测量参数与砍击距离和砍击所需空间之间的关系,为判断案发现场与作案活动空间是否相符提供依据。方法采用三维运动捕捉系统采集男女性各12名受试者持厨刀砍击站立位和仰卧位假人颈部、站立位假人胸部的运动学数据,分别使用两因素重复测量方差分析和Pearson相关分析确定作案人性别-被害人体位和作案人性别-砍击部位以及人体测量参数与砍击距离和砍击所需空间的关系。结果砍击站立位假人颈部的砍击距离绝对值(L)和相对值(l)大于砍击仰卧位假人颈部,持刀侧垂直距离绝对值(L_(VR))和相对值(l_(VR))小于砍击仰卧位假人颈部。砍击站立位假人胸部的L和l大于砍击站立位假人颈部,L_(VR)和l_(VR)小于砍击站立位假人颈部。男性持刀侧水平距离绝对值(L_(HR))和相对值(l_(HR))大于女性。砍击站立位假人时,身高和臂长与L、L_(HR)和L_(VR)呈正相关。结论砍击仰卧位被害人颈部或站立位被害人颈部时,砍击距离较小,砍击高度较大。此外,砍击距离和砍击所需空间与人体测量参数相关。Objective To investigate the relationship between the perpetrator’s sex,victim’s position and slashing location as well as anthropometric parameters on distance and space required for slashing,to provide the theoretical basis for the judgment of whether the crime scene was consistent with the criminal activity space.Methods The kinematics data of 12 male and 12 female subjects slashing the neck of standing and supine mannequins as well as the chest of the standing mannequins with a kitchen knife were obtained by using a 3D motion capture system.The relationship between the perpetrator’s sex-victim’s position,the perpetrator’s sex-slashing location,and anthropometric parameters and the distance and space required for the slashing were analyzed by two-factor repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis respectively.Results Compared with slashing the neck of supine mannequins,the distance(L) and normalized L(l) of slashing the neck of standing mannequins were greater,while vertical distance(L_(VR)) and normalized L_(VR)(l_(VR)) of the knife side were smaller.Compared with slashing the neck of standing mannequins,the L and l slashing the chest of standing mannequins were greater,while L_(VR)and IVRwere smaller.Horizontal distance(L_(HR)) and normalized L_(HR)(l_(HR)) of the knife side in males were greater than that in females.Height and arm length were positively correlated with L,L_(HR),and L_(VR)when striking the standing mannequins.Conclusion When slashing the neck of supine or standing victims,the slashing distance is shorter and the slashing height is greater.Furthermore,the distance and space required for slashing are correlate with anthropometric parameters.

关 键 词：法医学 砍击 运动捕捉 假人模型 体位 砍击距离 砍击所需空间 

分 类 号：DF795.1[医药卫生—法医学]