民初北京政府奖励工艺政策述论  

On Industrial Arts Incentive Policy of Beijing Government in the Early Republic of China

作　　者：翟建 隋福民[2] ZHAI Jian;SUI Fumin(School of Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100836,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学经济学院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期137-146,共10页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：为促进工艺进步与工商业发展,民初北京政府颁布了《暂行工艺品奖励章程》,该政策执行10余年后又根据实际情况进行了修订。依据该章程,奖励方式包括营业奖励、给予专营权,名誉奖励、给予褒状。1913至1927年间,共颁给专利122项,褒状205项。该政策的施行对推动工艺改良、产业进步、国货发展等方面发挥了积极作用。但限于当时全国工业仍处于初级阶段,且中央集权水平较弱而造成政策执行低效率等因素,实际获奖工艺品仍以简单工艺为主,且多是对手工制品的简单优化或国外制品的仿制,自主创新及先进机械发明均较少,难以完成中国工业化的任务,体现出历史局限性。In the early Republic of China(1912⁃1949),the Beijing government promulgated the Provisional Regulations on the Rewarding and Encouraging of Industrial Arts(暂行工艺品奖励章程)for the advancement of industrial arts and the development of industry and commerce.It was revised in light of the practical situation after more than 10 years of implementation.According to the Regulations,the rewards were granted by way of business reward,patent,honorary reward and order of commendation.From 1913 to 1927,122 patents and 205 commendations were granted.The implementation of this law has played a positive role in promoting technological improvement,industrial advancement and the development of domestic products.However,due to the fact that the national industry was still in the primary stage at that time,and the weak centralization of the government which resulted in low efficiency of the implementation,the actual award⁃winning handicrafts were still dominated by simple crafts,mostly simple optimization of handmade products or imitation of foreign products,but few independent innovations and advanced mechanical inventions,which made it difficult to complete the task of industrialization in China,reflecting historical limitations.

关 键 词：北京政府 工艺品 奖励政策 工商业发展 

分 类 号：D920.4[政治法律—法学]