生育支持政策的系统性重塑:挑战与应对  

The Systematic Reshaping of Fertility Support Policy:Challenges and Responses

作　　者：贺丹[1] 史毅[1] He Dan;Shi Yi

机构地区：[1]中国人口与发展研究中心

出　　处：《行政管理改革》2023年第2期4-11,共8页Administration Reform

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“多源大数据人口监测的理论逻辑和技术应用研究及示范数据库与决策平台建设”(22&ZD197)。

摘　　要：少子化问题已经成为我国未来发展必须面对的基本国情,对实现人口规模巨大的中国式现代化产生重要影响。从多个维度讨论现阶段实施生育支持的重要意义,分析对现有生育配套政策进行系统性重塑存在的困难与挑战,研究发现,核心基本制度缺位是我国生育支持政策体系构建面临的最大挑战,在政策设计中应优先解决主要矛盾,避免陷入制度惯性、福利主义、效益悖反、政策失衡等陷阱误区。既要及时转变政策理念,持续强化高位推动,重塑政策框架,建立以生育保险、婴幼儿照护和生殖健康为核心的三项基本制度;也应明确政策责任主体,做好长期投入准备,细化配套支持措施,完善政策效果追踪和评价机制。The problem of fewer children has become the basic national condition that China must face in the future development,and has an important impact on the realization of Chinese path to modernization with a huge population.This paper discusses the importance of implementing fertility support at this stage from multiple dimensions,analyzes the difficulties and challenges in systematically reshaping the existing fertility support policies,and suggestsrecommendations for constructing a fertility support policy system.The study elaborates that the absence of the core basic system is the major challenge facing the construction of China's fertility support policy system,and that priority should be given to resolving the main contradictions in policy design to avoid falling into the traps and misconceptions of institutional inertia,welfarism,benefit paradox,and policy imbalance.It is necessary to change the policy concept in time,continuously strengthen the high level of promotion,reshape the policy framework,and establish three basic systems with maternity insurance,infant and child care and reproductive health as the core;it is also necessary to clarify the main body responsible for the policy,prepare for long-term investment,refine the supporting support measures,and improve the policy effect tracking and evaluation mechanism.

关 键 词：生育支持 家庭发展 人口战略 政策路径 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]