中国农村妇女就业的政策效应——基于劳动力转移与释放的视角  

The Policy Effect on Women Employment in Rural China:A Perspective of Labor Transfer and Release

作　　者：孙广亚 孙亚平 Sun Guangya;Sun Yaping(School of Economics,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics;Center for Quantitative Economics,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学经济学院 [2]浙江财经大学数量经济研究中心

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2022年第5期114-140,共27页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“工具变量分布处理效应:前沿理论与应用研究”(项目编号:71873080)的资助。

摘　　要：农村妇女是脱贫攻坚的重点工作对象和重要力量,推动农村妇女就业不仅能够缩小城乡收入差距,也有助于促进社会平等与进步。本文基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,以2015年全国妇联实施的“巾帼脱贫行动”为切入点,运用双重差分法和三重差分法,从劳动力转移视角考察了“巾帼脱贫行动”对农村妇女就业的影响。实证结果发现,“巾帼脱贫行动”使农村妇女非农就业的概率提高了3.32个百分点,该行动促使农村妇女劳动力从家庭内农业劳动转移至非农就业。进一步研究发现,“巾帼脱贫行动”的实施对贫困家庭和低保家庭妇女的非农就业促进效应更大,起到了帮扶贫穷妇女的效果,但对中西部地区和无学历妇女的非农就业效应不显著。“巾帼脱贫行动”在一定程度上缓解了劳动力短缺压力,激活了劳动力存量,具有较好的就业效应。Rural women are the main target and an important force for poverty alleviation. Promoting rural women ’ s employment not only narrows the urban-rural income gap,but also improves women’ s career development and gender equality. Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study( CHARLS),this article takes the Women ’ s Poverty Alleviation Project( WPAP) implemented by the All-China Women ’ s Federation as the research setting.Using the difference-in-differences method and the triple difference method,the paper examines the effect of WPAP on rural women’ s employment. The results show that the alleviation effort increases the probability of non-agricultural employment by 3. 32 percent for rural women and poverty alleviation liberates rural women’ s labor from their own agricultural work to turn to non-agricultural employment. Further analysis shows that women’ s poverty alleviation has a greater effect for women from poor and Dibao families. However,the effect on non-agricultural employment is not significant for women in the central and western regions and those without academic qualifications. Under the urgency of winning the fight against poverty and adhering to the basic national policy of gender equality,the WPAP has a good employment promotion effect and has strongly promoted women’ s social status.

关 键 词：农村妇女 就业政策 非农就业 农业就业 

分 类 号：D669.68[政治法律—政治学] F249.2[政治法律—中外政治制度] F323.6[经济管理—劳动经济]