村庄治理层次与村庄秩序供给——兼论国家力量如何进入村庄  

On the Governance Level of and the Supply of Order in Villages:Also on How State Power Enters the Village

作　　者：杜姣 Du Jiao(School of Political Science and Public Administration,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《教学与研究》2023年第2期114-124,共11页Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“乡村振兴战略背景下乡村治理中的精英流失及其应对机制构建研究”(项目号:19CSH007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：村庄治理是我国最基层的治理,是国家治理的重要组成部分,村庄秩序的有序供给直接关系到国家稳定与社会建设的活力。随着国家能力的增强,国家力量全面进入村庄治理。村庄治理具有多层次性,可划分为私域、共域与公域三大治理层次,私域事务、共域事务和公域事务具有不同的性质与特征。这决定了处理不同治理层次事务和实现不同治理层次秩序的主导性原则存在本质差别。村庄私域秩序的供给应坚持个人主导原则,村庄共域秩序的供给应坚持自治主导原则,村庄公域秩序的供给应坚持国家主导原则。当前诸多村庄治理困境的出现与国家力量的进入对村庄秩序供给原则造成破坏有关,尤其体现为国家力量对村庄私域秩序供给中村民个体主体性和村庄共域秩序供给中村社集体主体性的全面挤压,村庄私域秩序和村庄共域秩序的供给呈现出国家化趋势。要克服这一状况,国家力量需要充分尊重存在于村庄不同治理层次的事务特征,发挥国家力量引导村庄私域治理和激活村庄共域治理的作用,以实现国家力量与村庄治理的精准化与精细化对接,达到村庄善治的目标。Village governance takes place at the most grassroots level in China and is an important part of national governance.The orderly supply of order in villages is directly related to the stability of the country and the vitality of social construction.With the enhancement of national strength,there is a close interactive relationship between the state and village governance,and state power fully enters village governance.Village governance is multi-level and can be divided into three governance dimensions:private domain,common domain and public domain.Affairs in these three domains have different properties and characteristics.This determines that there are essential differences in the guiding principles for dealing with affairs and achieving orders at different levels of governance.The supply of order in the village private domain should be led by individuals,while that in the common domain should be based on the principle of autonomy and self-governance,and state leadership should be ensured in the supply of order in the village public domain.The emergence of many current village governance dilemmas is related to the destruction of these principles caused by the entry of state power principles,especially reflected in the full squeeze of state power on the individual subjectivity of villagers in the supply of order in the village private domain and the collective subjectivity of village communities in the supply of order in the village common domain.The supply of order in the village private and common domains presents a trend of nationalization.In response,the exercise of state power needs to fully respect the characteristics of affairs that exist at different governance levels in villages,and give full play to its role in guiding and activating governance in village private and common domains,in order to achieve the precise and refined connection between state power and village governance and to achieve the goal of good governance in villages.

关 键 词：村庄治理 国家力量 治理层次 村庄秩序 村庄善治 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]