一种基于凸显的结构问句语义理论  

作　　者：徐贝贝 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学

出　　处：《复旦外国语言文学论丛》2022年第2期13-22,共10页Fudan Forum on Foreign Languages and Literature

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(项目批准号:2662019QD008)资助。

摘　　要：偏向性问句词和问句答语词在语义上均与问句核心命题密切相关:前者选择与问句核心命题相同或相反的可能答案作为问句的偏向性答案,而后者则选择与问句核心命题相同或相反的可能答案作为其回指对象。然而,这种选择性问题在Hamblin(1973)经典问句语义理论中并不能得到解释。基于此,我们需要新的结构问句语义理论以单独凸显问句核心在问句语义中的地位。通过考察Krifka(2001)以及询问语义学对于问句语义的结构研究,我们基于Roelofsen和van Gool(2010)提出的“凸显”概念并利用数学中二元组概念重新定义了问句语义:一个问句指谓一个含有两个互补集合H和■的二元组T。H是问句凸显答案的集合,而第二个元素■则是余下的可能答案的集合。这一定义成功地将作为凸显答案的问句核心命题独立于其他可能答案,从而得以在问句组合完成后,仍然可以将前者提取出来。本文也着重探讨了新的结构问句语义理论在不同问句类型(比如选择问和特指问)中的运用。Biased-question words and answer particles semantically have a close relationship with the question nuclei:the former selects the possible answer with the same or opposing polarity of the content proposition expressed by the question nucleus as the biased answer to the question,while the latter selects the possible answer with the same or opposing polarity of the content proposition expressed by the question nucleus as its antecedent.But the traditional Hamblin’s(1973)question semantics cannot cope with the selectional problems.In view of this,we need a new structural question semantic theory to single out the question nucleus in question semantics.By investigating the structural analyses in Krifka(2001)and Inquisitive Semantics,based on the concept of highlighting proposed by Roelofsen&van Gool(2010)and the concept of 2-tuple in mathematics,we redefine the question semantics:a question denotes an ordered pair T consisting of two coordinates H and■set of highlighted answers denoted by the question nucleus,while the second coordinate H is a set of the rest of the possible answers.The definition successfully separates the content proposition(s)denoted by the question nucleus as the highlighted answers from other possible answers,so that the former can still be extracted after the composition of the whole question.This paper also discusses in great detail the application of the new structural question semantics in various types of questions including alternative questions and Wh-questions.

关 键 词：选择性问题 凸显 结构问句语义 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]