先秦法的概念隐喻  

Conceptual Legal Metaphors in the Pre-Qin Period

作　　者：汪太贤 Wang Taixian

机构地区：[1]广西大学法学院,南宁530004

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2023年第2期165-183,208,共20页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：一些中外学者站在法律工具论的立场对先秦法的概念隐喻进行识解,主要立足于法被喻为“规矩”“绳墨”“斗斛”“仪表”等器物在功能上所承载的意义,而忽视了它们在性质和价值上所蕴含的意义。在隐喻的意义结构中,法在性质上的意义是基石,价值上的意义由此延伸而成,共同构成法的意义核心。而法在功用上的意义只表明在前两者的基础上,向外展示自己的一种能力。因此,法的概念隐喻主要通过对法的性质和内在价值的塑造,建立能够将包括国君在内所有人的行为纳入法的约束之中的思想理据。一方面,它暗示立法不是对立法者私意的表达,而是对社会公共认同标准的仿效。另一方面,它旨在创立“使法必行之法”,使一切治国行为依法而行。据此可以认定:先秦法的概念隐喻不是要把法律变成统治的纯粹工具,而是统治的根据。Some scholars at home and abroad understand the conceptual metaphors of pre-Qin law in terms of legal instrumentalism,focusing on the functional meanings carried by objects such as“the compass and the square”,“the carpenter's line,”“a measure of grain,”and“guideline,”while ignoring the meanings contained in their nature and value.In the metaphorical structure of meaning,the nature of legal meanings is the cornerstone,from which the meaning extends in terms of value;together they form the central meaning of the law.The functional meaning of the law is only evident on the basis of these two;they exhibit to the outside world a particular ability.Therefore,by shaping the nature and value of law,conceptual metaphors in the law tend to establish intellectual justifications that can constrain the behavior of all men,even the ruler.On the one hand,they imply that legislation is not an expression of the legislator's personal will,but rather a simulacrum of the public standards with which society identifies.On the other,they aim to establish“laws that guarantee that the laws are practiced,”so that all governance actions accord with the law.Therefore,we can conclude that the conceptual metaphors of pre-Qin law are not intended to turn the law into a pure instrument of governance,but rather make it the basis for governance.

关 键 词：先秦 法的概念隐喻 意义结构 法律工具论 法律根据论 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]