一种基于模型预测的火星返回推力器容错控制再分配方法  

A Fault Tolerant Control Allocation Method for Mars Ascent Vehicle Based on Model Prediction

作　　者：杨博[1] 魏翔 于贺 刘超凡 YANG Bo;WEI Xiang;YU He;LIU Chaofan(School of Astronautics,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学宇航学院,北京100191

出　　处：《宇航学报》2023年第2期243-253,共11页Journal of Astronautics

摘　　要：针对火星返回上升器由于环境等因素造成的推力器故障导致的姿态控制系统失稳而难以安全返回的严重问题,提出基于模型预测的动态容错控制再分配方法。根据推力器动态特性建立上升器推力分配模型,对模型参数误差进行实时估计从而修正分配模型,根据模型预测自适应推力再分配方法实施容错控制。同时,将推力器输出限制作为优化求解器的约束,并将推力器故障模型作为优化求解的约束域,实现最小化分配误差和最小化燃料消耗意义下的最优推力再分配。计算机仿真表明了该方法的可行性和实用性,获得了满意的结果,它能使推力器输出推力误差降低60%以上,姿态控制系统能在故障状态下3~5 s快速镇定。Aiming at the serious problems that attitude control system of the Mars ascent vehicle is unstable and difficult to return safely due to the thruster failure caused by environmental factors and others,a fault-tolerant control method of dynamic control allocation based on model prediction is proposed.According to the dynamic characteristics of the thrusters,the dynamic model is established and the model parameters are estimated on-line to modify the dynamic model.The adaptive control allocation method based on the model prediction is used to implement the fault-tolerant control.Meanwhile,the thruster output limitation is taken as the constraint of the optimization solver,the thruster fault model is taken as the constraint domain of the optimization solution,so as to achieve the optimal control allocation in the sense of minimizing the allocation error and the fuel consumption.The computer simulation shows the feasibility and practicability of the method,and the satisfactory results are obtained.It can reduce the output error of thruster by more than 60%,and the attitude control system can be quickly stabilized in 3~5 s under fault conditions.

关 键 词：火星返回 容错技术 控制分配 模型预测 

分 类 号：V448.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]