干旱灌区春小麦水分利用特征对绿肥与麦秸协同还田的响应  

Response of Water Use Characteristics of Spring Wheat to CoIncorporation of Green Manure and Wheat Straw in Arid Irrigation Region

作　　者：樊志龙[1] 胡发龙[1] 殷文[1] 范虹 赵财[1] 于爱忠[1] 柴强[1] FAN ZhiLong;HU FaLong;YIN Wen;FAN Hong;ZHAO Cai;YU AiZhong;CHAI Qiang(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第5期838-849,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700204-04);甘肃省教育科技创新项目-产业支撑计划(2021CYZC-54);甘肃省重点人才项目(204197083016)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确绿肥与麦秸协同还田对春小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)水分利用特征的影响,对干旱灌区应用绿肥构建小麦水分高效可持续生产模式具有重要支撑作用。【方法】本研究采取随机区组试验设计,以麦后休闲(W)为对照,设置了麦后免耕播种绿肥+绿肥与麦秸全量还田(W-NTGS)、麦后免耕播种绿肥+绿肥单一还田(W-NTG)、麦后浅旋灭茬播种绿肥+绿肥单一还田(W-TG)3个处理,对小麦耗水特征、籽粒产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和灌溉水利用效率(WUEi)进行了研究。【结果】复种绿肥较麦后休闲显著增加了小麦播前0—50 cm土层的土壤贮水量,其中W-NTGS处理小麦播前0—10、10—20、20—30、30—50 cm土层的土壤贮水量,分别较W-NTG处理增加了22.1%、30.2%、21.5%和11.1%,较W-TG处理增加了26.2%、33.2%、26.5%和16.4%;而W-NTG与W-TG处理间小麦播前0—110cm的土壤贮水量均无显著差异。复种绿肥较麦后休闲分别使小麦耗水量、棵间蒸发量和蒸散比平均减少7.0%—7.1%、11.7%—20.1%和5.2%—15.9%,在复种绿肥中,W-NTGS处理小麦耗水量较W-NTG处理在2021年减少6.4%,较W-TG处理在2020和2021年平均减少6.1%;W-NTGS处理小麦棵间蒸发量分别较W-NTG、W-TG处理平均减少9.7%和13.6%,蒸散比分别降低6.2%和11.3%,W-NTG与W-TG处理间的耗水量、棵间蒸发量、蒸散比均无显著差异。复种绿肥较麦后休闲使小麦籽粒产量增加6.4%—16.8%,其中W-NTGS处理分别较W-NTG、W-TG处理平均增加6.6%和9.8%,W-NTG与W-TG处理间的小麦籽粒产量差异不显著。与麦后休闲相比较,复种绿肥使小麦WUE、WUEi分别提高11.9%—30.7%和6.4%—16.8%,复种绿肥之间相比较,W-NTGS处理分别较W-NTG、W-TG处理的WUE平均提高10.9%和16.8%,WUEi平均提高6.6%和9.8%,W-NTG与W-TG处理间的WUE和WUEi差异不显著。【结论】麦后免耕播种绿肥+绿肥与麦秸全量还田(W-NTGS)可显著增加小麦播前0—50 cm土壤贮水量,减少小【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of green manure and wheat straw co-incorporation on water use efficiency of next season wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), which played an critical supporting role in the construction of water use efficient and sustainable production pattern of spring wheat in northwest irrigation region.【Method】In this study, a randomized block design was adopted, with fallowing after wheat harvesting(W) as the control, wheat multiple cropping green manure with no-tillage sowing + green manure and wheat straw co-incorporation(W-NTGS), wheat multiple cropping green manure with no-tillage sowing + green manure incorporation(W-NTG), and wheat multiple cropping green manure shallow plowing for destroying stubble + single returning of green manure to the field(W-TG). The characteristics of water consumption,grain yield, water use efficiency(WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency(WUEi) of wheat were investigated. 【Result】 The soil water storage in 0-50 cm soil layer before wheat sowing was significantly increased by multiple cropping green manure compared under W. The soil water storage in 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30-50 cm soil layers before wheat sowing with W-NTGS was increased by 22.1%, 30.2%, 21.5%, and 11.1% compared with that of W-NTG, and 26.2%, 33.2%, 26.5%, and 16.4% increase compared with that of W-TG, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in soil water storage in 0-110 cm soil layer before wheat sowing between W-NTG and W-TG. Compared with fallow treatment, water consumption, evaporation, and ratio of evaporation to evapotranspiration of wheat decreased by 7.0%-7.1%, 11.7%-20.1%, and 5.2%-15.9%, respectively. The water consumption of wheat with W-NTGS decreased by 6.4% than that of wheat under W-NTG in 2021, and averagely decreased by 6.1% than that of wheat under W-TG in 2020 and 2021. Compared with W-NTG and W-TG, the evaporation of wheat under W-NTGS decreased by 9.7% and 13.6% on average, and the ratio of evaporation to

关 键 词：绿肥 麦秸还田 耗水特征 水分利用效率 小麦 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]