土壤生物膜对稻田生态系统功能的影响  

Effects of soil biofilm on the functions of paddy rice field system

作　　者：文翊 李宇佳 柴友正 盛浩[1] 段良霞 骆乐丹 赵升 欧阳凯 WEN Yi;LI Yujia;CHAI Youzheng;SHENG Hao;DUAN Liangxia;LUO Yuedan;ZHAO Sheng;OUYANG Kai(College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2023年第1期1-9,共9页Soils and Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(42007021);湖南省自然科学基金青年基金(2020JJ5250);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2020M672498);湖南农业大学青年基金(19QN39).

摘　　要：土壤微生物通过自身分泌胞外基质能够形成一层薄膜,即生物膜。生物膜的形成有利于微生物适应环境,并对土壤的形成和植物的生长发育起到一定的调节作用。土壤生物膜可通过胞外聚合物及自身代谢过程调控土壤元素循环,影响土壤污染物降解,同时,在增强根际免疫、抑制病原菌对植物根系的侵袭及提高土壤肥力和作物产量方面发挥着重要作用。稻田是地球上最大的人工湿地,其生态环境不仅能满足水稻的生长,同时也为土壤微生物的生存、繁衍及生物膜的形成等提供了绝佳条件。水稻发育过程中常因多种病虫害、营养元素限制或重金属胁迫等影响其生长及粮食产量。本文从生态环境保护的角度,综述了稻田系统中生物膜对土壤重金属污染、营养元素流失以及水稻生长健康等方面的影响。Soil microorganisms can form biofilms through the extracellular matrix secreted by their own cells.The formation of biofilm is conducive to the better adaptation of microorganisms to the surrounding environment,and also plays a certain role in regulating the development of soil and the growth of plants.Soil biofilms can regulate soil element cycling and influence soil pollutant degradation through extracellular polymers and their own metabolic processes.Meanwhile,soil biofilms also play an important role in enhancing rhizosphere immunity,inhibiting pathogen invasion to plant roots,and improving soil fertility and crop yield.Paddy field is the largest constructed wetland in the world.The ecological environment of paddy field can not only satisfy the growth of rice,but also provide excellent conditions for the survival,reproduction and formation of biofilms of soil microorganisms.Various diseases,insect pests,nutrient limitation or heavy metal stress often affect its rice growth and grain yield.Therefore,from the perspective of ecological environment protection,this paper mainly reviews the effects of biofilm on soil heavy metal pollution,nutrient loss and rice growth and health in rice field system.

关 键 词：土壤生物膜 水稻生长 重金属污染 水稻健康 土壤营养元素 

分 类 号：Q735[生物学—分子生物学]