旱地红壤长期施肥双季玉米产量的驱动因素分析  

Driving factors of double cropping maize yield in dryland red soil under long-term fertilization

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作  者:周琦娜 何绍浪 黄尚书 林小兵 王斌强 徐小林 柳开楼 雷礼文 钟义军 王建平 ZHOU Qina;HE Shaolang;HUANG Shangshu;LIN Xiaobing;WANG Binqiang;XU Xiaolin;LIU Kailou;LEI Liwen;ZHONG Yijun;WANG Jianping(Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources,National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement,Nanchang 331717,China)

机构地区:[1]江西省红壤及种质资源研究所国家红壤工程改良技术中心,江西南昌331717

出  处:《土壤与作物》2023年第1期34-43,共10页Soils and Crops

基  金:江西省重点研发计划(20203BBFL63068,20161BBF60105).

摘  要:研究长期不同施肥对双季玉米种植制度下旱地红壤理化性质和玉米产量季节性变化的影响,明确产量变化驱动因素,可为该区耕地质量培育和合理施肥提供理论支持。以1986年设置的旱地红壤长期定位施肥试验为平台,选取不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、单施新鲜猪粪(OM)、化肥和新鲜猪粪配施(NPKM)4个处理,探索不同施肥制度对双季玉米成熟期0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤理化性质以及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,与CK处理相比,NPKM处理在春玉米和秋玉米成熟期0~40cm土层土壤容重显著降低,大团聚体(>250μm)含量、团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、土壤pH、有机碳(SOC)、速效氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)及速效钾(AK)等养分含量均显著提高,春玉米和秋玉米产量分别提高了6.1倍和15.1倍。与CK处理相比,NPK处理0~20 cm土层土壤容重在春玉米和秋玉米成熟期分别提高了1.13%和2.49%,pH则分别降低0.22和0.48个单位。与NPK处理相比,OM和NPKM处理0~20 cm土层土壤容重分别降低2.5%和3.2%,MWD分别增加了20.9%和43.6%,pH分别提高了1.44和1.12个单位,SOC分别提高了22.0%和41.2%,20~40 cm土层也表现出相似规律,双季玉米产量提高了1.27~6.86倍。随机森林模型结果显示0~20 cm土壤SOC含量是影响玉米产量的最重要因子,20~40 cm土层AK和AP分别是影响春玉米和秋玉米产量的重要因子。化肥配施有机肥可以改善旱地红壤结构、提高土壤养分含量和作物产量,是维持作物高产稳产和耕地质量培育的施肥措施。Understanding the effects of seasonal changes of long-term fertilization on the physical and chemical properties of red soil and maize yield under double cropping maize system,and identifying the driving factors of yield change can provide theoretical support for cultivated land quality and rational fertilization in this area.In this study,we selected four treatments including no fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer alone(NPK),fresh pig manure alone(OM)and chemical fertilizer combined with fresh pig manure(NPKM)based on a long-term specific fertilization experiment on dryland red soil set up in 1986;and explored the effects of different fertilizations on soil physical and chemical properties in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm depth after harvest of double-cropping maize and maize yield.The results showed that compared with CK treatment,NPKM treatment significantly decreased soil bulk density in 0~40 cm soil layer at maturity of spring maize and autumn maize.The content of large aggregates(>250μm),the mean weight diameter(MWD)of aggregates,the contents of soil nutrients such as pH,SOC,available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)were significantly increased,and the yield of spring and autumn maize was increased by 6.1 fold and 15.1 fold,respectively.Compared with CK treatment,soil bulk density of 0~20 cm soil layer in NPK treatment increased by 1.13%and 2.49%,while pH decreased by 0.22 and 0.48 units in spring and autumn maize,respectively.Compared with NPK treatment,in 0~20 cm soil layer,OM and NPKM treatments decreased soil bulk density by 2.5%and 3.2%,increased MWD by 20.9%and 43.6%,pH increased by 1.44 and 1.12 units,and increased SOC by 22.0%and 41.2%,respectively.The soil layer of 20~40 cm also showed a similar pattern,and the yield of double season maize increased by 1.2~6.8 fold.The results of random forest model showed that SOC content in 0~20 cm soil was the most important factor affecting maize yield,while AK and AP in 20~40 cm soil were the most important factors affecting spring maize

关 键 词:长期施肥 理化性质 种植制度 玉米产量 驱动因子 

分 类 号:S152.1[农业科学—土壤学]

 

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