我国自然人破产宣告的标准研究  

A Study of Standards for Natural Person's Adjudication of Bankruptcy in China

作　　者：江文涛 金玉[1] JIANG Wentao;JIN Yu(Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu 233030,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学法学院,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《新疆财经大学学报》2023年第1期72-80,共9页Journal of Xinjiang University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：安徽省高校人文社会科学研究重大项目“宪法视域下宅基地‘三权分置’的制度研究”(SK2020ZD008);安徽财经大学研究生科研创新基金项目“我国自然人破产宣告的标准研究”(ACYC2021106)。

摘　　要：现阶段我国法律只对企业破产宣告标准作出了规定,关于全国性自然人破产宣告标准,国内相关条款尚付阙如。文章基于我国地方性自然人破产宣告标准的立法现状,揭示了复合型立法模式的举证责任分配不均、“丧失清偿债务能力、明显缺乏清偿能力”的逻辑矛盾及语义模糊、“停止支付”推定标准的明显缺失这三大现行地方性自然人破产宣告标准的立法缺陷,进一步界定自然人破产及其破产宣告标准的内涵,同时借鉴国外自然人破产宣告标准的相关立法经验,有针对性地提出借鉴并解释复合型立法条文、划分“丧失清偿债务能力、明显缺乏清偿能力”的界限、确立“停止支付”的推定破产标准这三条我国自然人破产宣告标准的构建路径,以期更好地适应信用、消费和贸易发展的需要,保护各方利益。At present,China only makes provisions on the bankruptcy declaration standard of enterprises,but there are no relevant provisions on the national bankruptcy declaration standard of natural persons in China.On the basis of stating the cur⁃rent legislation status of Chinese local natural person bankruptcy declaration standard,this paper summarizes three legislative defects of Chinese compound legislation model,namely,the uneven distribution of burden of proof,the logical contradiction and semantic ambiguity of"losing the ability to pay off debts,obviously lacking the ability to pay off debts",and the obvious absence of the presumption standard of"stopping payment".At the same time,it further defines the connotation of natural person bank⁃ruptcy and its bankruptcy declaration standard.Finally,by drawing on the legislative experience of foreign natural person bank⁃ruptcy declaration standard,in order to meet the needs of the development of credit,consumption and trade and protect the inter⁃ests of all parties,this paper puts forward and explains the construction paths of three Chinese natural person bankruptcy declara⁃tion standards,which are compound legislative provisions,dividing the boundary of"losing the ability to pay off debts,obviously lacking the ability to pay off debts"and setting up the constructive bankruptcy standard of"stopping payment".

关 键 词：自然人破产 自然人破产宣告 破产标准 

分 类 号：D922.291.92[政治法律—经济法学]