政府数据有偿开放理论的法治建构  

The Legal Construction of Government Data Openness Theory with Compensation

作　　者：尹博文 Yin Bowen

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《新疆社会科学》2023年第1期82-92,145,146,共13页Social Sciences in Xinjiang

基　　金：重庆市社科规划博士项目“数字经济下金融数据匿名化规则构建研究”(2022BS109);国家社科基金一般项目“数据治理公私合作的法律规制研究”(21BFX166);国家社科基金重点项目“互联网个人信贷法律问题研究”(20AZD117)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国政府数据开放长期践行的免费模式难以形成双向互动格局,导致开放效果欠佳。为此,从制度上纳入“有偿开放”,是破解开放困境的可行之道。研究可知,数据权益保护体系的建立奠定了有偿开放的前提,受益者负担准公共物品的供给是有偿开放的合法根基,政府数据资产化驱动确定了有偿开放的现实基础。但在执行层面,目前学界普遍主张的著作权路径和行政收费之道均适用不能,为解决这一问题,政府可以将新型行政合同,即“开放合同”作为法治进路,以合同文本的形式明确开放原则、平衡权责规范,以此提升政府数据有偿开放的法治水平,达到充分释放数据红利之效。The long-standing free model of government data opening in China is difficult to form a two-way interaction pattern,resulting in poor openness.In this regard,the inclusion of"paid openness"in the system is a feasible way to solve the dilemma of openness.It is clear from the study that the establishment of a data rights protection system has laid down the premise of paid openness,the supply of quasi-public goods to beneficiaries is the legal basis for paid openness,and the drive to assetise government data has established the realistic basis for paid openness.In order to solve this problem,the government can adopt a new type of administrative contract,i.e."open contract",as the rule of law,to clarify the principle of openness and balance the rights and responsibilities in the form of a contract,so as to enhance the rule of law of paid openness of government data.

关 键 词：政府数据开放 数据有偿开放 数据开放体系 数字政府 

分 类 号：D523[政治法律—政治学]