“五全六能”楼/院式养老模式下城市鳏寡老人生命质量评价及应用分析  

Life quality evaluation and application analysis of urban widowed elderly under the“five conceptions and six features”building/yard pension pattern

作　　者：杨善岚 李洋洋 刘斌 涂嘉欣 邓莉芳 吴磊[1] 黄河浪[1] YANG Shanlan;LI Yangyang;LIU Bin;TU Jiaxin;DENG Lifang;WU Lei;HUANG Helang(Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine/School of Public Health of Nanchang University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330006,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省预防医学重点实验室/南昌大学公共卫生学院,南昌330006

出　　处：《重庆医学》2023年第5期751-755,共5页Chongqing medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71663037,81960620,81360446);南昌大学创新训练项目(S202110403010);南昌大学2021年度科研训练项目。

摘　　要：目的评估“五全六能”养老模式下城市鳏寡老人生命质量和对模式的适应性,对模式提供的六种服务进行排序并评价服务质量。方法抽取施行“五全六能”养老模式的南昌、九江两市6社区326名鳏寡老人作为研究对象,采用自行设计的问卷和WHOQOL-BREF量表实施现场调查,运用TOPSIS法对本模式六大功能重要性排序,使用SERVQUAL模型评价模式服务质量。结果鳏寡老人生理领域得分为(13.52±1.86)分,心理领域得分为(22.22±3.24)分,社会关系领域得分为(10.33±1.56)分,环境领域得分为(28.85±3.87)分。TOPSIS法综合排序提示,六大功能中前三位的是物业维修、应急救援、经济支持。SERVQUAL模型结果提示,5个维度得分在0.392~0.937,表明本养老模式服务质量较高,能够满足对象的服务需求。文化程度高、自理能力高、体育锻炼越多的鳏寡老人生命质量评分高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归结果显示,文化程度、自理能力和体育锻炼对其生命质量均有正向关联,患病种数呈负向关联(P<0.05)。结论鳏寡老人生命质量较低,需要以其需求为导向,应用新型特色养老模式。Objective To evaluate the life quality and adaptability of urban widowed elderly under the“five conceptions and six features”pension pattern,and to rank and evaluate the service quality of the six kinds of services provided by the model.Methods A total of 326 widowed elderly in six communities in Nanchang and Jiujiang City,which implement the“five conceptions and six features”pension pattern,were selected as the research objects,self-designed questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF scale were used to carry out field investigation,TOPSIS method was used to rank the importance of the six functions of the pattern,and SERVQUAL model was used to evaluate the service quality of the pattern.Results The widowed elderly scored(13.52±1.86)point in the physical area,(22.22±3.24)point in the psychological area,(10.33±1.56)point in the social relation area and(28.85±3.87)point in the environmental area.TOPSIS method comprehensive sorting prompted,the top three of the six functions were property maintenance,emergency rescue and economic support.The results of the SERVQUAL model suggested that the scores of the five dimensions ranged from 0.392 to 0.937,indicating that the service quality of this pension pattern was high and could meet the service needs of the objects.The higher the education level and self-care ability,the more physical exercise of the widowed elderly,the higher the quality of life score,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression results showed that education level,self-care ability and physical exercise were positively correlated with the quality of life,while the number of diseases was negatively correlated(P<0.05).Conclusion The life quality of the widowed elderly is low,and it is necessary to apply a new characteristic pension pattern based on their needs.

关 键 词：养老模式 生命质量 鳏寡老人 应用分析 抽样调查 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]