不同穗型早稻品种产量形成及生理特性研究  

Yield Formation and Physiological Characteristics of Early Rice Varieties with Different Panicle Types

作　　者：武晶晶 戚文乐 吴嘉乐 段刚强 阙仁伟 谢小兵 曾勇军[1] WU Jingjing;QI Wenle;WU Jiale;DUAN Gangqiang;QUE Renwei;XIE Xiaobing;ZENG Yongjun(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第1期1-9,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家“万人计划”人选人才特殊支持项目(国科发资[2019]252号)。

摘　　要：【目的】水稻高产形成及其稳产性与穗型和环境因素密切相关,探明不同穗型早稻品种产量形成及其相关生理特性,为早稻品种培育及高产稳产栽培提供科学依据。【方法】以较小穗型品种陵两优739和株两优171以及较大穗型品种五丰优286为试验材料,研究不同穗型品种在产量及其构成、干物质积累与转运、辐射利用率、籽粒灌浆及相关生理指标等方面的差异。【结果】较小穗型品种的总颖花量显著低于较大穗型品种,而结实率和千粒质量分别较后者显著提高15.66%~22.12%、1.43%~1.87%,并显著增产5.31%~6.54%;不同穗型品种各时期干物质积累及抽穗期茎叶干物质转化率无明显差异,但较小穗型品种的辐射截获量及截获率明显低于较大穗型品种,从而辐射利用率较后者显著提高6.71%~8.05%;较小穗型品种各部位籽粒的最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率显著大于较大穗型品种,而且到达最大灌浆速率的时间以及活跃灌浆持续时间显著短于后者;同时,较小穗型品种抽穗后12 d籽粒的蔗糖合成酶(SS)、ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性(ADPG-PPase),以及抽穗后12 d与21 d的赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)含量显著高于较大穗型品种,而反式玉米素(tZ)、脱落酸(ABA)显著低于后者。【结论】较小穗型早稻品种在足够总颖花量和干物质积累的基础上,籽粒较高的淀粉合成酶活性及内源激素(GA3、IAA)含量有利于促进籽粒灌浆结实,从而提高结实率和千粒质量,实现高产和稳产。[Objective]Rice yield formation and stability are closely related to rice panicle types and growing environments.Verifying yield formation and related physiological characteristics of early rice varieties with different panicle types may help to provide a scientific basis for breeding and cultivation targeting to high and stable yield.[Method]Field experiment was conducted with LLY739 and ZLY171(smaller panicle type)and WFY286(larger panicle type).Yield and its components,dry matter accumulation and translocation,radiation use efficiency,grain filling and related physiological indices were investigated.[Result]Compared with the larger panicle type variety,the smaller panicle varieties had a markedly decline in total spikelets per aera,while the small varities significantly increased grain setting rate and 1000-grain weight by 15.66%-22.12% and 1.43%-1.87%,respectively,and subsequently significantly improved yield by 5.31%-6.54%.No significant difference in dry matter accumulation at each growth stage and dry matter(stem and leaf)conversion rate at heading stage was observed among varieties with different panicle types.Although the smaller panicle varieties showed an obviously decrease in intercepted radiation and radiation intercepted percent,the radiation use efficiency significantly increased by 6.71%-8.05% in comparison with the larger panicle variety.Moreover,the maximum grain filling rate and mean grain filling rate in each panicle position of the smaller panicle varieties were significantly higher than those of the larger panicle variety,and the time to reach maximum grain filling rate and the active duration of grain filling were significantly shorter than those of the latter.Meanwhile,the smaller panicle varieties had higher sucrose synthase(SS)and ADPG pyrophosphatase(ADPG-PPase)activity in grains at 12 d after heading,and higher contents of gibberellin(GA3)and auxin(IAA),whereas lower contents of trans zeatin(tZ)and abscisic acid(ABA)in grains at 12 d and 21 d after heading than the larger panicle varie

关 键 词：早稻 穗型 产量 籽粒灌浆 生理特性 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学]