中立抑或选边?印度尼西亚外交行为的历史考察及其启示  

A Historical Study of the Indonesian Diplomatic Behavior and Its Implications:Be Neutral or Take sides?

作　　者：韦红[1,2] Wei Hong

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学政治学部 [2]华中师范大学中印尼人文交流研究中心

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2022年第6期3-17,共15页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“不结盟运动文献资料的整理、翻译与研究(1961—2021)”(18ZDA205)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：冷战初期,印度尼西亚出于与大国交往的历史记忆及促进国内政治团结的需要,提出“独立、积极”的外交思想,在冷战两大阵营间开展中立外交。印度尼西亚的中立外交并非等距离大国平衡外交,而是在不同时期有着不同的偏向性。1947—1952年表现为亲西方中立;1953—1962年表现为亲东方中立;1963—1965年则逐渐从亲东方中立走向选边站。印度尼西亚外交取向的演变取决于不同时期执政精英对其外交目标、角色的定位及相互竞争的大国对其目标和角色定位的回应。印度尼西亚力求在独立自主和实用主义间保持平衡,大国对其实施拉拢政策为其在中立主义框架下左右摇摆提供了空间。当大国政策不断挤压其摇摆空间,印度尼西亚则将实用主义置于首位,为实现其预定目标走向选边站。At the beginning of the Cold War, Indonesia put forward an "independent and active" foreign policy because of the historical memory of engagement with great powers and the need to promote domestic political unity.The neutral diplomacy was initiated by Indonesia between the two Ccold War blocs. Indonesia’s neutral foreign policy has not been equidistant balanced diplomacy. It had different preferences in different periods: from 1947 to1952, it was pro-Western neutrality;from 1953 to 1962, it was pro-Eastern neutrality. Indonesia gradually shifted from pro-Eastern neutrality to siding, from 1963 to 1965. The evolution of Indonesia’s foreign policy orientation depends on the definition of its diplomatic goals and roles by the ruling elite in different periods and the response of the great powers to their goals and roles. Indonesia strived to maintain a balance between independence and pragmatism. The wooing policy of great powers provided space for it to vacillate under the framework of neutralism. As the policies of the great powers continue to squeeze its wiggle room, Indonesia will put pragmatism first, taking sides to achieve its intended goals.

关 键 词：印度尼西亚 中立外交 大国竞争 印度尼西亚外交政策 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学] D81[政治法律—外交学]