种植密度和施氮水平对谷子产量和农艺性状的影响  

Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Level on the Yield and Agronomic Traits of Millet

作　　者：王彦辉[1] 樊永强[1] 韩燕丽[1] 苗兆丰 别海[1] 刘劲哲[1] 赵万乐[1] 张晓申[1] WANG Yanhui;FAN Yongqiang;HAN Yanli;MIAO Zhaofeng;BIE Hai;LIU Jinzhe;ZHAO Wanle;ZHANG Xiaoshen(Zhengzhou Institute of Agriculture and Forestry,Zhengzhou 450005,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州市农林科学研究所,河南郑州450005

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2023年第3期264-270,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001700);财政部/农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系专项基金项目(nycytx-CARS-06);河南省农业生产发展资金项目(2021NYFZHZJ12);2021年河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2021KJCHXTD30)。

摘　　要：为明确河南省夏谷区谷子对种植密度和氮肥施用量的响应情况,以郑谷3号为试验材料,采用裂区设计试验,以种植密度为主区、氮肥施用量为副区,分析不同种植密度(40万、60万、80万株/hm^(2))和施氮(纯N)水平(0、60、120、180 kg/hm^(2))对谷子产量及相关农艺性状的影响。结果表明,随着种植密度和氮肥施用水平的上升,谷子产量均表现为先增加后减小的趋势,不同种植密度以60万株/hm^(2)处理的产量最高,达到5 441.1 kg/hm^(2);对谷子产量随种植密度的变化进行回归分析得出,58万~73万株/hm^(2)为试验最佳密度。不同施氮水平以120 kg/hm^(2)处理的产量最高,达到5 501.39 kg/hm^(2);对谷子产量随施氮水平的变化进行回归分析得出,100~125 kg/hm^(2)氮肥施用量确定为研究区域最佳施氮量。种植密度和施氮水平对谷子产量有显著的互作效应,以种植密度60万株/hm^(2)配合施氮水平120 kg/hm^(2)处理的产量最高,达到6 479.2 kg/hm^(2)。随着种植密度水平的上升,不同处理的谷子穗长、茎粗、穗粗、单穗质量、单穗粒质量、千粒质量均呈下降趋势;随着施氮水平的上升,不同处理的谷子穗长、茎粗、穗粗、单穗质量、单穗粒质量均呈先增大后减小的趋势,均为120 kg/hm^(2)处理表现最优。综上,在河南谷子夏播区发挥郑谷3号产量潜力的适宜栽培方式为留苗密度60万株/hm^(2)、施氮肥120 kg/hm^(2)。In order to clarify the response of millet in summer sowing area of millet in Henan province to planting density and nitrogen application rate,in this study,taking Zhenggu 3 as the experimental material,a split plot experimental design was adopted,with planting density as the main area and nitrogen application rate as the sub-area.The effects of different planting density(400 000,600 000,800 000 plants/ha) and nitrogen application(pure N) level(0,60,120,180 kg/ha) on millet yield and related agronomic traits were analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of planting density and nitrogen application level,the millet yield increased first and then decreased.The yield of 600 000 plants/ha was the highest,reaching 5 441.1 kg/ha.Regression analysis was carried out on the change of yield with planting density,and 580 000-730 000 plants/ha was determined as the best density.Among different nitrogen application levels,the yield of 120 kg/ha was the highest,which was 5 501.39 kg/ha.Regression analysis of yield change with nitrogen application level found that it was determined that 100-125 kg/ha was the best nitrogen application rate in the study region.There was a significant interaction effect between planting density and nitrogen application level on millet yield.The treatment with planting density level of 600 000 plants/ha and nitrogen application level of 120 kg/ha had the highest yield,which was 6 479.2 kg/ha.With the increase of planting density,spike length,stem diameter,spike diameter,single spike weight,grain weight per spike of millet,and 1000-grain weight under different treatments showed a downward trend.With the increase of nitrogen application level,spike length,stem diameter,spike diameter,single spike weight and grain weight per spike increased first and then decreased,which was the best in the treatment of 120 kg/ha.Based on the results above,the suitable cultivation method conducive to giving full play to the yield potential of Zhenggu 3 in the summer sowing area of millet in Henan province wa

关 键 词：谷子 种植密度 施氮水平 产量 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]