生物炭配施氮肥对谷子营养生长期光合生理及生物量分配的影响  

Effects of Biochar Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Physiology and Biomass Allocation of Millet during Vegetative Growth Period

作　　者：胡丹丹 纪棨云 刘琳琳 王倩怡 王小林 HU Dandan;JI Qiyun;LIU Linlin;WANG Qianyi;WANG Xiaolin(College of Life Sciences,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China;Engineering and Technology Research Center of Water Saving for Crops in Arid Area of Northern Shaanxi Province,Yulin 719000,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]陕西省陕北旱区作物节水工程技术研究中心,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2023年第3期285-292,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967013,31751001);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(2021JZ-55);榆林学院博士启动基金项目(17GK20);陕西省榆林市科学技术局产学研合作项目(CXY-2021-83)。

摘　　要：黄土旱区增施生物炭对改善根际养分环境、优化谷子根系构建和生物量分配的调控机制研究具有重要的理论价值。以晋谷21号作为研究对象,在盆栽条件下,共设置5个处理(3 g/kg氮肥(3N,对照)、5 g/kg氮肥(5N)、10 g/kg氮肥(10N)、5 g/kg氮肥+10 g/kg生物炭(5N10M)、10 g/kg氮肥+20 g/kg生物炭(10N20M)),综合分析不同生物炭与氮肥配施对谷子根系形态构建、叶片生理功能及生物量积累的影响。结果表明,5N10M处理谷子根系长度和根系总表面积分别较对照显著增加94.17%、71.25%,而10N20M处理的根系长度和根系总表面积较5N10M处理分别显著减少38.72%、31.01%,适量生物炭与氮肥配施对谷子根系形态发育有调控机制,可能存在最佳配比阈值;5N10M处理的叶片光合速率在拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期分别较对照显著增加95.40%、85.25%、79.23%、61.97%,叶片光合功能显著提升,叶片水分利用效率较对照显著提高2.23%~13.98%;生物炭与氮肥配施可有效调控谷子的根、茎、叶生物量积累和分配,在抽穗期、灌浆期,5N10M处理的单株干质量较5N处理分别显著增加11.86%、24.15%,10N20M处理的单株干质量较10N处理分别增加9.43%、23.43%。合理的生物炭与氮肥配施能显著促进谷子根系表面积和根系长度,促进叶片对氮素的吸收,提升叶片发育水平和功能发挥,生物炭和氮肥配施的叶绿素含量更稳定,有利于谷子光合产物的形成、生物量优化分配,5 g/kg氮肥+10 g/kg生物炭处理对植株生物量的积累具有良好的调控作用。Application of biochar in the loess arid area has important theoretical value for improving the rhizosphere nutrient environment, optimizing the research on regulation mechanism of millet root construction and biomass allocation, in this study,Jingu 21 was taken as the research object, under potted simulation conditions, five treatments including 3 g/kg of nitrogen fertilizer(3N, control), 5 g/kg of nitrogen fertilizer(5N), 10 g/kg of nitrogen fertilizer(10N), 5 g/kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 10 g/kg of biochar(5N10M), and 10 g/kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 20 g/kg of biochar(10N20M) were set. The effects of different biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizers on the root construction, the physiological function in the leaves, and biomass accumulation of millet were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control, the root length and total root surface area of millet treated with 5N10M were significantly increased by 94.17% and 71.25%, respectively, while the root length and total root surface area of 10N20M were significantly decreased by 38.72% and 31.01%, respectively, compared with 5N10M.Appropriate combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizers had regulation mechanism of the morphological development of millet roots, and there was an optimal ratio threshold. Compared with CK, the photosynthetic rate of leaves at jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage, and filling stage of 5N10M treatment increased by 95.40%, 85.25%, 79.23%, and 61.97% respectively,and the photosynthetic function of leaves was significantly improved, and the water use efficiency of leaves was significantly increased by 2.23%-13.98%. Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer could effectively regulate the accumulation and allocation of biomass in roots, stems, and leaves of millet. On the heading stage and filling stage, the dry weight of plant under 5N10M treatment was significantly increased by 11.86% and 24.15% compared with that under 5N treatment, and the dry weight of plant under 10N20M

关 键 词：旱地谷子 生物炭配施氮肥 光合生理功能 根叶生物量分配 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]