参与式设计与决策——阿尔瓦罗·西扎的社会住宅实践及启示  

Participatory Design and Decision Making:Alvaro Siza’s Social Housing Practice and Enlightenment

作　　者：王江[1] 田芸 赵伯伦 范伟 高海岑 WANG Jiang;TIAN Yun;ZHAO Bolun;FAN Wei;GAO Haicen

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学建筑城规学院 [2]哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 [3]天津大学建筑学院

出　　处：《建筑师》2023年第1期67-76,共10页The Architect

摘　　要：参与式设计已被阿尔瓦罗·西扎为代表的西方建筑师证明是一种能够在社会住宅项目中响应居住需求、重新分配居住权利、由居民影响设计决策的有效途径。本文辨析了西扎在相关实践案例中所承担的协商者、促进者、聆听者三种角色,据此分别阐释他的参与式设计指导思想和操作方法,归纳其社会住宅“设计-参与”模式的实施路径。通过解读西扎在埃武拉完成的马拉盖拉项目,厘清设计驱动的差异化社会住宅类型与特征,评估它们对大型社会住宅项目实施参与式设计的影响。最后,讨论了西扎参与式社会住宅实践对我国实现高质量乡村建设的启示。Participatory design has been proven by Western architects represented by Alvaro Siza as an effective way to respond to living needs,residency rights,and influence design decisions by residents in social housing projects. This paper discriminates the three roles of negotiator,facilitator,and listener that Siza plays in relevant practical cases,and accordingly explains his guiding ideology and operation methods of participatory design,and summarizes the implementation path of his social housing “design-participation” model. By interpreting Siza’ s Malaguera project in Evora,the types and characteristics of differentiated social housing that are driven by design are clarified and their impact on the implementation of participatory design for large-scale social housing projects is assessed. Finally,it discusses the enlightenment of Siza’ s participatory social housing practice on the realization of high-quality rural construction in China.

关 键 词：参与式设计 阿尔瓦罗·西扎 社会住宅 权利 差异化 乡村建设 

分 类 号：TU201.1[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]