国家历史文化名城制度建立过程及思想渊源的历史考察——兼谈关于名城制度提出者之惑  

A Historical Survey of the Establishment Process and Ideological Origin of the National Historical and Cultural City System in 1982:On the Puzzlement of the Proponent of the Famous City System

作　　者：李浩 LI Hao

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]北京建筑大学未来城市设计高精尖创新中心

出　　处：《建筑师》2023年第1期112-122,共11页The Architect

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:52178028);国家社会科学基金重大项目(批准号:19ZDA014);北京未来城市设计高精尖创新中心重点项目(编号:UDC2021010121)。

摘　　要：在广泛查阅一批原始档案资料的基础上,对1982年我国出台国家历史文化名城制度的时代背景、社会诱因和历史过程进行了考察,进而分析了这一制度的思想渊源。国家历史文化名城是改革开放初期在各地历史文物古迹屡遭破坏、国家各项管制措施乏力的紧迫形势下,借鉴国际历史古城保护经验和我国于1981年3月先行建立的国家重点风景名胜区制度,将1961年建立的全国重点文物保护单位制度拓展至城市整体层面的一项制度设计,建立之初具有扩大化的“文物保护单位”的色彩,稍后于1986年建立的“历史文化保护区”制度对国家历史文化名城保护规划的实践操作具有重要完善意义。On the basis of extensive access to a number of original archives,this paper investigates the background,social inducements and historical process of the introduction of the National Historic and Cultural City System in 1982,and then analyzes the ideological origin of this system. The National Historic and Cultural City is an institutional design that,in the early days of reform and opening up,under the urgent situation of repeated destruction of historical relics and historic sites around the country and the lack of various national control measures,the system of national key scenic spots established in 1961 was expanded to the overall level of the city by drawing on the international experience in the protection of historic cities and the system of national key scenic spots established in March 1981 in China. At the beginning of its establishment,it had the color of an expanded cultural relics protection unit. The historical and cultural protection area system,which was later established in 1986,is of great significance to the practical operation of the national historical and cultural city protection plan.

关 键 词：国家历史文化名城 文物保护单位 国家重点风景名胜区 历史文化保护区 遗产保护 

分 类 号：TU092[建筑科学]